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. 2025 Aug 15;2025:5294835. doi: 10.1155/pedi/5294835

Table 2.

Prevalence of BBD and VSS scoring.

Outcome Type 1 diabetes
(n = 242)
Healthy controls
(n = 86)
All participants
(n = 328)
BBD positive 52 (21.5%) 9 (10.5%) 61 (18.5%)
VSS 7 (5, 10) 6 (5, 8) 7 (5, 10)

Note: Median (IQR) reported for quantitative variables and absolute (%) for categorical variables.