Table 1.
Comparison of kidney transplantation, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis: impact on patient lifestyle and treatment outcomes in Japan
| Kidney transplant | Hemodialysis | Peritoneal dialysis | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kidney function |
Near normal level (60–70%) |
Renal failure | |
| Surgery required | Kidney transplant surgery (general anesthesia) | Shunt operation (local anesthesia) | Peritoneal catheter insertion surgery |
| Number of hospital visits | Once/1–2 months | 3 times/week | 1 time/month |
| Subjective symptoms due to treatment | Patients generally report minimal to no symptoms related to the transplant | Many patients experience moderate-to-severe symptoms during and after treatment (e.g., fatigue, cramps) | Patients may experience mild-to-moderate symptoms such as discomfort from the catheter or abdominal distension |
| Immunosuppressant (drug) | Required | Not required | Not required |
| Dietary and fluid restrictions | Moderate dietary restrictions |
Numerous (protein, water, salt, potassium, phosphorus, etc.) |
A little more than usual (protein, water, salt, phosphorus, etc.) |
| Travel, business trip | Easier |
Difficult (securing outpatient dialysis facilities) |
Moderate (preparation and transport of dialysis fluid and equipment) |
| Delivery | Possible | Difficult | Difficult |
| Sport | Possible with precautions | Limited | Care must be taken to avoid abdominal pressure |
| Take a bath | Possible | Showering is preferred after dialysis | Catheter needs to be protected |
| Reintegration rate | High | Moderate probability | Relatively high |
| Other benefits | Freedom from restrictions caused by dialysis | The most established treatment method in Japan, where medical care is always provided | More flexible than hemodialysis |