. 2025 Aug 23;33(9):806. doi: 10.1007/s00520-025-09827-6

Table 3.

Average adjusted food group and micronutrient intake for survivors of cancer post-neurotoxic chemotherapy with ranging severity of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) adjusting for caloric intake, age, race, sex, BMI, and food security per 1000 kilocalories

Dietary component (N = 136)	CIPN severity^a	Omnibus differences, p-value	OR (95% CI)^b	OR p-value
Food groups
Dark green vegetables (cups/day)	0.20 (0.13, 0.26)	0.24 (0.14, 0.34)	0.15 (0.09, 0.21)	0.19 (0.05, 0.34)	0.50	1.19 (0.47, 3.01)	0.72
Orange vegetables (cups/day)	0.08 (0.04, 0.11)	0.08 (0.03, 0.13)	0.06 (0.03, 0.09)	0.07 (0.00, 0.13)	0.89	2.66 (0.39, 17.96)	0.31
Tomatoes (cups/day)	0.22 (0.17, 0.26)	0.19 (0.14, 0.24)	0.16 (0.12, 0.20)	0.18 (0.10, 0.26)	0.44	0.14 (0.01, 1.84)	0.13
Other vegetables (cups/day)	0.27 (0.21, 0.32)	0.30 (0.22, 0.38)	0.20 (0.15, 0.26)	0.22 (0.11, 0.32)	0.26	0.41 (0.11, 1.53)	0.19
Whole rains (oz/day)	0.56 (0.40, 0.73)	0.59 (0.37, 0.82)	0.63 (0.40, 0.86)	0.57 (0.20, 0.95)	0.98	0.99 (0.50, 1.98)	0.98
Refined grains*⏶ (oz/day)	1.31 (1.14, 1.49)	1.68 (1.39, 1.98)	1.64 (1.36, 1.93)	1.82 (1.26, 2.37)	0.09	1.66 (1.11, 2.48)	0.01
Fruit (cups/day)	0.81 (0.63, 0.98)	0.85 (0.61, 1.09)	0.73 (0.53, 0.94)	0.57 (0.28, 0.85)	0.57	0.73 (0.45, 1.20)	0.22
Red meat (oz/day)	0.15 (0.10, 0.20)	0.15 (0.08, 0.22)	0.16 (0.09, 0.23)	0.26 (0.05, 0.46)	0.70	1.58 (0.35, 7.04)	0.55
Poultry⏶ (oz/day)	0.55 (0.40, 0.70)	0.44 (0.28, 0.60)	0.42 (0.27, 0.56)	0.33 (0.12, 0.54)	0.48	0.58 (0.31, 1.08)	0.08
Fish⏶ (oz/day)	0.22 (0.12, 0.32)	0.19 (0.08, 0.31)	0.13 (0.05, 0.21)	0.13 (0.05, 0.21)	0.56	0.18 (0.05, 0.61)	< 0.01
Egg⏶ (oz/day)	0.26 (0.18, 0.34)	0.19 (0.11, 0.27)	0.14 (0.08, 0.20)	0.16 (0.05, 0.27)	0.16	0.08 (0.02, 0.39)	< 0.01
Nuts/seeds* (oz/day)	0.42 (0.27, 0.57)	0.79 (0.42, 1.16)	0.47 (0.25, 0.68)	0.16 (0.03, 0.30)	< 0.01	0.97 (0.82, 1.15)	0.71
Dairy (cups/day)	0.67 (0.54, 0.80)	0.74 (0.55, 0.92)	0.78 (0.58, 0.97)	0.80 (0.45, 1.15)	0.83	1.35 (0.66, 2.78)	0.41
Legumes*⏶ (cups/day)	0.09 (0.05, 0.12)	0.07 (0.03, 0.10)	0.04 (0.02, 0.06)	0.03 (0.00, 0.06)	0.07	0.04 (0.00, 1.49)	0.08
Micronutrients
Vitamin A (IU/day)	5428.56 (4404.42, 6452.70)	6957.04 (5234.06, 8680.02)	6394.04 (4846.53, 7941.54)	6933.38 (3951.57, 9915.20)	0.43	1.00 (1.00, 1.00)	0.15
Vitamin D (IU/day)	135.68 (111.55, 159.82)	120.82 (92.61, 149.04)	123.66 (95.44, 151.88)	125.35 (74.52, 176.18)	0.88	1.00 (0.99, 1.00)	0.28
Vitamin E (IU/day)	10.68 (9.26, 12.09)	11.38 (9.40, 13.36)	9.88 (8.20, 11.56)	9.84 (6.86, 12.81)	0.70	1.00 (0.95, 1.05)	0.85
Vitamin K (mcg/day)	95.75 (76.20, 115.30)	122.75 (89.85, 155.64)	93.89 (69.30, 118.48)	115.46 (61.72, 169.20)	0.40	1.00 (1.00, 1.00)	0.27
Thiamin (mg/day)	0.75 (0.70, 0.80)	0.82 (0.75, 0.89)	0.79 (0.73, 0.86)	0.85 (0.72, 0.98)	0.31	1.83 (0.31, 10.65)	0.50
Riboflavin (mg/day)	1.16 (1.07, 1.25)	1.16 (1.04, 1.28)	1.06 (0.96, 1.17)	1.08 (0.89, 1.28)	0.58	0.72 (0.39, 1.35)	0.31
Niacin (mg/day)	13.32 (12.16, 14.49)	13.13 (11.63, 14.64)	12.46 (11.06, 13.86)	12.37 (9.91, 14.84)	0.82	0.99 (0.96, 1.02)	0.40
Pantothenic acid (mg/day)	3.76 (3.31, 4.21)	3.77 (3.18, 4.36)	3.51 (2.97, 4.04)	3.18 (2.32, 4.04)	0.70	0.98 (0.95, 1.02)	0.42
Vitamin B6 (mg/day)	1.21 (1.09, 1.32)	1.19 (1.04, 1.34)	1.14 (1.00, 1.29)	1.05 (0.81, 1.28)	0.72	0.87 (0.65, 1.14)	0.31
Folate (mcg/day)	156.93 (141.84, 172.03)	168.27 (147.03, 189.52)	140.65 (123.29, 158.00)	138.05 (107.79, 168.32)	0.20	1.00 (0.99, 1.00)	0.25
Vitamin B12 (mcg/day)	2.60 (2.24, 2.96)	2.41 (1.97, 2.85)	2.46 (2.02, 2.90)	2.32 (1.59, 3.05)	0.88	0.95 (0.88, 1.04)	0.28
Vitamin C (mg/day)	76.34 (63.73, 88.95)	97.91 (76.68, 119.13)	77.12 (60.78, 93.46)	62.92 (39.23, 86.60)	0.15	1.00 (1.00, 1.00)	0.65
Magnesium (mg/day)	193.15 (179.07, 207.22)	209.79 (189.72, 229.86)	185.13 (167.82, 202.44)	200.95 (167.56, 234.24)	0.29	1.00 (0.99, 1.01)	0.73
Selenium*⏶ (mcg/day)	60.19 (57.35, 63.04)	56.63 (53.11, 60.14)	54.13 (50.84, 57.42)	57.09 (50.93, 63.24)	0.08	0.96 (0.93, 0.99)	0.01
Iron (mg/day)	7.27 (6.70, 7.83)	7.67 (6.89, 8.46)	7.53 (6.77, 8.28)	9.19 (7.55, 10.83)	0.15	1.11 (0.92, 1.35)	0.28
Copper (mg/day)	0.83 (0.77, 0.89)	0.91 (0.82, 0.99)	0.80 (0.72, 0.87)	0.86 (0.71, 1.00)	0.29	0.96 (0.18, 5.15)	0.96
Zinc (mg/day)	6.14 (5.75, 6.53)	5.84 (5.35, 6.33)	6.04 (5.55, 6.53)	6.21 (5.55, 6.53)	0.79	0.91 (0.74, 1.12)	0.39
Calcium (mg/day)	554.14 (497.82, 610.47)	587.32 (508.95, 665.70)	557.13 (484.48, 629.78)	662.69 (509.13, 816.25)	0.52	1.00 (1.00, 1.00)	0.28

Dietary component
(N = 136)

CIPN severity^a

Omnibus differences, p-value

OR
(95% CI)^b

OR
p-value

Average amount of intake by CIPN severity level

Odds of a greater CIPN severity

None(n = 60)

Mild(n = 30)

Moderate (n = 35)

Severe (n = 11)

Food groups

Dark green vegetables (cups/day)

0.20

(0.13, 0.26)

0.24

(0.14, 0.34)

0.15

(0.09, 0.21)

0.19

(0.05, 0.34)

0.50

1.19

(0.47, 3.01)

0.72

Orange vegetables (cups/day)

0.08

(0.04, 0.11)

0.08

(0.03, 0.13)

0.06

(0.03, 0.09)

0.07

(0.00, 0.13)

0.89

2.66

(0.39, 17.96)

0.31

Tomatoes (cups/day)

0.22

(0.17, 0.26)

0.19

(0.14, 0.24)

0.16

(0.12, 0.20)

0.18

(0.10, 0.26)

0.44

0.14

(0.01, 1.84)

0.13

Other vegetables (cups/day)

0.27

(0.21, 0.32)

0.30

(0.22, 0.38)

0.20

(0.15, 0.26)

0.22

(0.11, 0.32)

0.26

0.41

(0.11, 1.53)

0.19

Whole rains (oz/day)

0.56

(0.40, 0.73)

0.59

(0.37, 0.82)

0.63

(0.40, 0.86)

0.57

(0.20, 0.95)

0.98

0.99

(0.50, 1.98)

0.98

Refined grains*⏶ (oz/day)

1.31

(1.14, 1.49)

1.68

(1.39, 1.98)

1.64

(1.36, 1.93)

1.82

(1.26, 2.37)

0.09

1.66

(1.11, 2.48)

0.01

Fruit (cups/day)

0.81

(0.63, 0.98)

0.85

(0.61, 1.09)

0.73

(0.53, 0.94)

0.57

(0.28, 0.85)

0.57

0.73

(0.45, 1.20)

0.22

Red meat (oz/day)

0.15

(0.10, 0.20)

0.15

(0.08, 0.22)

0.16

(0.09, 0.23)

0.26

(0.05, 0.46)

0.70

1.58

(0.35, 7.04)

0.55

Poultry⏶ (oz/day)

0.55

(0.40, 0.70)

0.44

(0.28, 0.60)

0.42

(0.27, 0.56)

0.33

(0.12, 0.54)

0.48

0.58

(0.31, 1.08)

0.08

Fish⏶ (oz/day)

0.22

(0.12, 0.32)

0.19

(0.08, 0.31)

0.13

(0.05, 0.21)

0.13

(0.05, 0.21)

0.56

0.18

(0.05, 0.61)

< 0.01

Egg⏶ (oz/day)

0.26

(0.18, 0.34)

0.19

(0.11, 0.27)

0.14

(0.08, 0.20)

0.16

(0.05, 0.27)

0.16

0.08

(0.02, 0.39)

< 0.01

Nuts/seeds* (oz/day)

0.42

(0.27, 0.57)

0.79

(0.42, 1.16)

0.47

(0.25, 0.68)

0.16

(0.03, 0.30)

< 0.01

0.97

(0.82, 1.15)

0.71

Dairy (cups/day)

0.67

(0.54, 0.80)

0.74

(0.55, 0.92)

0.78

(0.58, 0.97)

0.80

(0.45, 1.15)

0.83

1.35

(0.66, 2.78)

0.41

Legumes*⏶ (cups/day)

0.09

(0.05, 0.12)

0.07

(0.03, 0.10)

0.04

(0.02, 0.06)

0.03

(0.00, 0.06)

0.07

0.04

(0.00, 1.49)

0.08

Micronutrients

Vitamin A (IU/day)

5428.56

(4404.42, 6452.70)

6957.04

(5234.06, 8680.02)

6394.04

(4846.53, 7941.54)

6933.38

(3951.57, 9915.20)

0.43

1.00

(1.00, 1.00)

0.15

Vitamin D (IU/day)

135.68

(111.55, 159.82)

120.82

(92.61, 149.04)

123.66

(95.44, 151.88)

125.35

(74.52, 176.18)

0.88

1.00

(0.99, 1.00)

0.28

Vitamin E (IU/day)

10.68

(9.26, 12.09)

11.38

(9.40, 13.36)

9.88

(8.20, 11.56)

9.84

(6.86, 12.81)

0.70

1.00

(0.95, 1.05)

0.85

Vitamin K (mcg/day)

95.75

(76.20, 115.30)

122.75

(89.85, 155.64)

93.89

(69.30, 118.48)

115.46

(61.72, 169.20)

0.40

1.00

(1.00, 1.00)

0.27

Thiamin (mg/day)

0.75

(0.70, 0.80)

0.82

(0.75, 0.89)

0.79

(0.73, 0.86)

0.85

(0.72, 0.98)

0.31

1.83

(0.31, 10.65)

0.50

Riboflavin (mg/day)

1.16

(1.07, 1.25)

1.16

(1.04, 1.28)

1.06

(0.96, 1.17)

1.08

(0.89, 1.28)

0.58

0.72

(0.39, 1.35)

0.31

Niacin (mg/day)

13.32

(12.16, 14.49)

13.13

(11.63, 14.64)

12.46

(11.06, 13.86)

12.37

(9.91, 14.84)

0.82

0.99

(0.96, 1.02)

0.40

Pantothenic acid (mg/day)

3.76

(3.31, 4.21)

3.77

(3.18, 4.36)

3.51

(2.97, 4.04)

3.18

(2.32, 4.04)

0.70

0.98

(0.95, 1.02)

0.42

Vitamin B6 (mg/day)

1.21

(1.09, 1.32)

1.19

(1.04, 1.34)

1.14

(1.00, 1.29)

1.05

(0.81, 1.28)

0.72

0.87

(0.65, 1.14)

0.31

Folate (mcg/day)

156.93

(141.84, 172.03)

168.27

(147.03, 189.52)

140.65

(123.29, 158.00)

138.05

(107.79, 168.32)

0.20

1.00

(0.99, 1.00)

0.25

Vitamin B12 (mcg/day)

2.60

(2.24, 2.96)

2.41

(1.97, 2.85)

2.46

(2.02, 2.90)

2.32

(1.59, 3.05)

0.88

0.95

(0.88, 1.04)

0.28

Vitamin C (mg/day)

76.34

(63.73, 88.95)

97.91

(76.68, 119.13)

77.12

(60.78, 93.46)

62.92

(39.23, 86.60)

0.15

1.00

(1.00, 1.00)

0.65

Magnesium (mg/day)

193.15

(179.07, 207.22)

209.79

(189.72, 229.86)

185.13

(167.82, 202.44)

200.95

(167.56, 234.24)

0.29

1.00

(0.99, 1.01)

0.73

Selenium*⏶ (mcg/day)

60.19

(57.35, 63.04)

56.63

(53.11, 60.14)

54.13

(50.84, 57.42)

57.09

(50.93, 63.24)

0.08

0.96

(0.93, 0.99)

0.01

Iron (mg/day)

7.27

(6.70, 7.83)

7.67

(6.89, 8.46)

7.53

(6.77, 8.28)

9.19

(7.55, 10.83)

0.15

1.11

(0.92, 1.35)

0.28

Copper (mg/day)

0.83

(0.77, 0.89)

0.91

(0.82, 0.99)

0.80

(0.72, 0.87)

0.86

(0.71, 1.00)

0.29

0.96

(0.18, 5.15)

0.96

Zinc (mg/day)

6.14

(5.75, 6.53)

5.84

(5.35, 6.33)

6.04

(5.55, 6.53)

6.21

(5.55, 6.53)

0.79

0.91

(0.74, 1.12)

0.39

Calcium (mg/day)

554.14

(497.82, 610.47)

587.32

(508.95, 665.70)

557.13

(484.48, 629.78)

662.69

(509.13, 816.25)

0.52

1.00

(1.00, 1.00)

0.28

Notes: ^aData are presented as mean (95% CI) from linear regression; ^bdata are presented as OR (95% CI) from ordered logistic regression; *omnibus differences p-value < 0.10 (bold font); ⏶OR p-value ≤ 0.10 (bold font)