Table 2.

Comparison of baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes between the with-VATS and without-VATS groups

	With VATS n = 42	Without VATS n = 10	p
Age (years)	70 [50–84]	69 [50–77]	0.862
Sex (male)	32 (76.2)	7 (70)	0.697
Mechanism of injury
Blunt/Penetrating	42/0	10/0
Isolated thoracic injury	19 (45.2)	1 (10)
Multiple trauma	23 (54.8)	9 (90)	0.04
Chest AIS	3 [3–4]	4 [3–5]	0.015
ISS	15 [9–25]	24 [19–41]	0.017
Time from injury to SSRF (days)	3 [2–6]	2 [1–4]	0.223
Operation time (minutes)	194 [150–223]	145 [103–208]	0.078
Intraoperative bleeding (ml)	230 [87–378]	100 [0-214]	0.094
Post-operative complications
Bleeding	1 (2.3)	0 (0)	0.808
Revision surgery	4 (9.5)	0 (0)	0.413
Wound infection	1 (2.3)	0 (0)	0.808
Excess pleural fluid	9 (21.4)	1 (10)	0.375
Hemothorax	1 (2.3)	2 (20)	0.091
Pneumothorax	0 (0)	2 (20)	0.625
Empyema	1 (2.3)	0 (0)	0.808
Delirium	13 (30.9)	2 (20)	0.396
Pneumonia	8 (19.0)	2 (20)	0.625
Tracheostomy	3 (7.1)	4 (40)	0.02
In-hospital mortality	0 (0)	0 (0)
Post-operative length of ventilator days	1 [1–3]	4 [18–46]	0.162
Post-operative length of ICU stay (days)	2 [2–4]	6 [2–12]	0.099
Post-operative length of hospital stay (days)	18 [9–29]	41 [18–46]	0.106
Length of hospital stay (days)	21 [11–39]	42.5 [22–56]	0.170
Discharge destination			0.068
Home	17 (40.5)	1 (10)
Other hospital	25 (59.5)	9 (90)

Continuous data are shown as median [range]. Categorical data are shown as n (%)

VATS video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, AIS Abbreviated Injury Scale, ISS Injury Severity Score, SSRF surgical stabilization of rib fractures, ICU intensive care unit