Table 2.
Methodological quality assessment with the AMSTAR2 tool
| Author (year) | 1. PICO components | 2. A priori design | 3. Rationale for study selection | 4. Literature search | 5. Duplicate Selection | 6. Duplicate Abstraction | 7. List of excluded studies | 8. Description of included studies | 9a. RoB in RCTs | 9a. RoB in NRSI | 10. Funding sources | 11. Appropriate MA methods | 12. Used RoB in MA | 13. Used RoB in interpreting results | 14. Discussion of heterogeneity | 15. Publication bias | 16. Conflict of Interest | Overall rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xiang (2019) | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Includes only RCTs | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Moderate |
| Chen (2017) | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | PY | Y | Includes only RCTs | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Low |
| He (2017) | Y | N | Y | PY | N | Y | Y | PY | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | N | Low |
| Al-Hamed (2017) | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | PY | Y | Includes only RCTs | N | N | Y | Y | N | N | N | Low |
| Barona-Dorado (2014) | Y | N | Y | PY | N | N | Y | N | PY | Includes only RCTs | N | NM | NM | Y | N | NM | N | Critical Low |
| Lopes da Silva (2020) | Y | PY | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Includes only RCTs | N |
Y/RCTs NM/NRSI |
Y | Y | Y | N | Y | High |
| Aloy-Prósper (2010) | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | Includes only RCTs | N | NM | NM | N | N | N | N | Critical Low |
| Toledano-Serrabona (2021) | Y | N | Y | PY | Y | Y | Y | PY | Y | Includes only RCTs | N | NM | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Low |
| Lee (2016) | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | PY | Y | Includes only RCTs | N |
Y/RCTs NM/NRSI |
Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Moderate |
| Barbato (2016) | Y | PY | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | PY | Y | Includes only RCTs | Y |
Y/RCTs NM/NRSI |
Y | Y | Y | N | Y | High |
| Camps-Font (2016) | Y | PY | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | PY | Y | Includes only RCTs | N | NM | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | High |
| Ramos (2022) | Y | PY | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | PY | Y | Includes only RCTs | N |
N/RCTs NM/NRSI |
N | N | Y | N | Y | Critical Low |
| Pang (2022) | Y | PY | Y | PY | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | Critical Low |
| Soo-Hoong Low (2021) | Y | PY | Y | PY | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | PY | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | High |
| Franchini (2019) | Y | N | Y | PY | Y | Y | PY | Y | Y | Includes only RCTs | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | High |
| Miron (2017) | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | PY | N | N | N | NM | NM | N | Y | NM | Y | Moderate |
| Danylyuk (2019) | Y | N | N | PY | N | N | Y | PY | N | N | N | NM | NM | N | N | NM | N | Critical Low |
| Del Fabbro (2011) | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | PY | Y | Y | N | NM | NM | Y | Y | NM | Y | Low |
| Fujioka-Kobayashi (2021) | Υ | Υ | Υ | Υ | Υ | Υ | Υ | Υ | Υ | Includes only RCTs | N | Y/RCT | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | High |
| J. Zhu (2020) | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | N | PY | Y | Includes only RCTs | N | Y/RCT | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Moderate |
| Junfei Zhu, (2019) | Y | N | Y | PY | Y | Y | N | PY | Y | Y | N | Y/Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Moderate |
| João Vitor dos Santos Canellas, (2020) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | PY | Y | Includes only RCTs | N | Y/RCT | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | High |
| Del Fabbro (2017) | Y | N | Y | PY | Y | Y | Y | PY | Y | Y | N | Y/N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | High |
| Snopek (2021) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | PY | Y | Includes only RCTs | N | Y/RCT | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | High |
| Jakobsen (2013) | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | PY | N | N | N | NM/NM | NM | N | N | NM | Y | Critical Low |
| Morjaria (2012) | Y | PY | Y | PY | Y | Y | Y | PY | N | N | N | NM | NM | Y | N | N | N | Critical Low |
| J. V. dos S. Canellas (2017) | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Includes only RCTs | N | Y/RCT | N | Y | N | N | Y | Low |
| Domic (2023) | Y | PY | Y | PY | Y | Y | Y | Y | PY | PY | Y | N | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Moderate |
| Pereira (2024) | Y | PY | N | PY | Y | Y | N | N | PY | PY | N | NM | NM | Y | N | NM | Y | Critical Low |
| Lu Ye (2024) | Y | Y | N | PY | Y | Y | N | PY | PY | Includes only RCTs | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Low |
| Liang Chen (2023) | Y | PY | N | Y | Y | N | N | PY | PY | Includes only RCTs | N | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | Low |
| Menager L. (2023) | Y | PY | N | N | Y | Y | N | N | PY | Includes only RCTs | N | NM | NM | Y | N | N | Y | Critical Low |
| Yongping Yuan (2024) | N | N | N | PY | Y | Y | Ν | PY | PY | Includes only RCTs | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Low |
AMSTAR 2; I: item; Y: yes; N: no; PY: partial yes. Item 1: did the research questions and inclusion criteria for the review include the components of PICO? Item 2: did the report of the review contain an explicit statement that the review methods were established prior to the conduct of the review and did the report justify any significant deviations from the protocol? Item 3: did the review authors explain their selection of the study designs for inclusion in the review? Item 4: did the review authors use a comprehensive literature search strategy? Item 5: did the review authors perform study selection in duplicate? Item 6: did the review authors perform data extraction in duplicate? Item 7: did the review authors provide a list of excluded studies and justify the exclusions? Item 8: did the review authors describe the included studies in adequate detail? Item 9: did the review authors use a satisfactory technique for assessing the risk of bias (RoB) in individual studies that were included in the review? Item 10: did the review authors report on the sources of funding for the studies included in the review? Item 11: if meta-analysis was performed did the review authors use appropriate methods for statistical combination of results? Item 12: if meta-analysis was performed, did the review authors assess the potential impact of RoB in individual studies on the results of the meta-analysis or other evidence synthesis? Item 13: did the review authors account for RoB in individual studies when interpreting/discussing the results of the review? Item 14: did the review authors provide a satisfactory explanation for, and discussion of, any heterogeneity observed in the results of the review? Item 15: if they performed quantitative synthesis, did the review authors carry out an adequate investigation of publication bias (small study bias) and discuss its likely impact on the results of the review? Item 16: did the review authors report any potential sources of conflicts of interest, including any funding they received for conducting the review?