Skip to main content
. 2025 Aug 22;29(1):146. doi: 10.1007/s10006-025-01432-5

Table 7.

Secondary outcome – Adverse Events - Trismus

Comparison Number of sites (primary studies) Measure of effect Effect model Direction of effect Follow up Heterogeneity
Envelope vs triangular flap* 103 vs 104 (4) SMD= –0.16; 95% CI (–0.72, 0.41) Random No difference 2 days I2=73%
Envelope vs triangular flap* 65 vs 65 (3) SMD= –0.12; 95% CI (–0.47, 0.22) Fixed No difference 3 days I2=0
Envelope vs triangular flap* 137 vs 137 (5) MD= 0.28; 95% CI (–0.41, 0.98) Random No difference 7 days I2=83%
Envelope vs triangular flap** 107 vs 100 (3) MD= –1.02; 95% CI (–4.25, 2.22) Random No difference 7 days I2= 67%
Envelope vs triangular flap** 39 vs 39 (2) SMD= 0.25; 95% CI (–0.75, 1.26) Random No difference 14 days I2= 80%
PRF vs Spontaneous healing* 45 vs 45 (2) SMD= 0.20; 95% CI (–0.56, 0.95) Random No difference 7 days I2=69%
PRF vs Spontaneous Healing* 105 vs 105 (3) SMD= –0.50; 95% (–0.78, –0.22) Fixed Favors PRF 1 day I2= 17.1%
PRF vs Spontaneous Healing* 60 vs 60 (2) SMD= –0.34; 95% CI (–0.71, 0.02) Fixed No difference 3 days I2= 0
PRF vs Spontaneous Healing* 155 vs 155 (5) SMD= –0.26; 95% CI (–0.48, –0.03) Fixed Favors PRF 7 days I2= 18.7%
HyA application vs Spontaneous Healing* 64 vs 64 (3) MD= 1.31; 95% CI (–0.65, 3.26) Random No difference 2–3 days I2= 25.86%
HyA application vs Spontaneous Healing* 140 vs 134 (5) MD= 1.08; 95% CI (–0.97, 3.12) Random No difference 7 days I2= 55.99%

PRF platelet rich fibrin, A-PRF advanced - platelet rich fibrin, MD mean difference, SMD standardized mean difference, CI Confidence Interval, HyA hyaluronic acid

*Outcome measure: Postoperative interincisal distance

**Outcome measure: Change in interincisal distance