Skip to main content
. 2025 Aug 22;11:55. doi: 10.1186/s40729-025-00643-5

Table 2.

Domain-based risk of bias assessment (RoB-2) for randomized controlled trials included in the review

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 Overall
Cuchi et al. 2017 - + - + + -
Cochi et al. 2021 + + - + + -
Torres et al. 2010 + + + + + +

D1: Bias arising from the randomization process; D2: Bias due to deviation from intended intervention; D3: Bias due to missing outcome data; D4: Bias in measurement of the outcome; D5: Bias in selection of the reported results; “+” Low risk; “-” some concerns