Table 3.

Risk of bias assessment of non-randomized studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS)

	Number of awarded stars in each domain
	Selection	Comparability	Outcome	Study Quality
Chapiasco et al. 2021	3	1	3	High
Corinadelsi et al. 2009	3	1	3	High
Li et al. 2023	4	1	3	High
Pellegrino et al. 2024	3	0	3	Moderate
Rocuzzo et al. 2007	4	1	3	High
Sagheb et al. 2017	3	0	3	Moderate
Lizio et al. 2016	3	0	3	Moderate
Dellavia et al. 2021	3	0	3	Moderate
El Chaar et al. 2019	4	1	3	High
Gomes et al. 2016	3	0	3	Moderate
Hartmann et al. 2020	3	0	3	Moderate
Her et al. 2012	3	0	3	Moderate
Jung et al. 2014	3	0	3	Moderate
Poli et al. 2014	3	0	3	Moderate
Ragucci et al. 2024	3	0	3	Moderate
Miyamoto et al. 2012	3	0	3	Moderate
Louis et al. 2008	3	0	3	Moderate
Nan et al. 2023	3	0	3	Moderate
Chen et al. 2023	4	1	3	High

NOS: maximum score = 9 points. Domains: Selection (max. 4), Comparability (max. 2), Outcome (max. 3). Higher scores indicate better methodological quality