Table 1.

Biological attribution of Raman wave numbers

Raman wavenumber (cm− 1)	Biomolecule assignment	References
405	Glucose	[26, 27]
525	DNA/RNA backbone vibrations, phosphodiester bond stretching or bending	[28]
666	Guanine, Thymine (ring breathing modes in the DNA bases); tyrosine-G backbone in RNA	[20]
780	Cytosine/uracil ring breathing (nucleotide)	[29]
860	Tryptophan	[30]
876	Hydroxyproline	[21]
900	Saccharides	[27]
934	Proline, valine	[30]
1125	Amide III vibrations of proteins	[31]
1247	Guanine, cytosine (NH2)	[32,33]
1265	Unsaturated lipids	[33]
1305	Amide III vibrations of proteins	[31]
1440	CH2 bending mode of proteins and lipids	[33]
1580	C-C stretching	[34]
1603	C=C in-plane bending mode of phenylalanine and tyrosine	[35]
1616	C=C stretching mode of tyrosine and tryptophan	[35]
1655	Amide I vibrations of proteins	[31]