Table 2.

Studies evaluating the use of IPCs in hepatic hydrothorax

Study	Study design	Sample size (n)	Pleurodesis success (%)	Mean time to pleurodesis (days)	Pleural infection rate (%)
Bhatnagar et al. (2014) [5]	Prospective, multicentre	19	10	222	5.3
Chen et al. (2016) [24]	Prospective, single centre	24	33	131.8	16.7
Kinese et al. (2019) [25]	Retrospective, single centre	62	14.5	118	16
Shojaee et al. (2019) [26]	Retrospective, single centre	79	27.8	55	10
Bartnicki-Navarette et al. (2020) [27]	Retrospective	13	69	34	7.6
Walker et al. (2022) [20]	Multicentre RCT	8	NR	NR	0

NR not recorded, IPC indwelling pleural catheters