Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Overall n = 6,109 |
Survivors n = 5,510 |
Non-survivors n = 599 |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 69 (60, 76) | 69 (59, 76) | 71 (61, 76) | 0.003 |
| Females | 1,973 (32%) | 1,772 (32%) | 201 (34%) | 0.5 |
| EuroSCORE II | 6 (4, 11) | 6 (3, 10) | 13 (7, 25) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.9 (24.2, 30.1) | 26.9 (24.3, 30.1) | 26.8 (23.5, 29.3) | 0.003 |
| Previous MI | 601 (9.8%) | 515 (9.3%) | 86 (14%) | < 0.001 |
| Carotid Endarterectomy | 5 (< 0.1%) | 3 (< 0.1%) | 2 (0.3%) | 0.079 |
| No of Previous operations | < 0.001 | |||
| One | 5,506 (90%) | 5,043 (92%) | 463 (77%) | |
| Two | 570 (9.3%) | 444 (8.1%) | 126 (21%) | |
| Three | 33 (0.5%) | 23 (0.4%) | 10 (1.7%) | |
|
Duration between re-operation (yrs) |
7 (2, 13) | 7 (2, 13) | 4 (1, 10) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 0.13 | |||
| Diet controlled | 193 (3.2%) | 172 (3.1%) | 21 (3.5%) | |
| On oral hypoglycemics | 527 (8.6%) | 478 (8.7%) | 49 (8.2%) | |
| Insulin dependent | 191 (3.1%) | 163 (3.0%) | 28 (4.7%) | |
| Hypertension | 3,481 (57%) | 3,144 (57%) | 337 (56%) | 0.7 |
| Smoking | 0.6 | |||
| Never smoked | 2,742 (45%) | 2,476 (45%) | 266 (44%) | |
| Ex-smoker | 2,920 (48%) | 2,625 (48%) | 295 (49%) | |
| Current smoker | 447 (7.3%) | 409 (7.4%) | 38 (6.3%) | |
| Pre-op Chronic Kidney Disease | 338 (5.5%) | 236 (4.3%) | 102 (17%) | < 0.001 |
| Endocarditis | 1587(25.9%) | 1288(23.4%) | 299(49.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Pulmonary Disease | 819 (13%) | 722 (13%) | 97 (16%) | 0.035 |
| Pre-operative CVA | 675 (11%) | 597 (11%) | 78 (13%) | 0.10 |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 528 (8.6%) | 444 (8.1%) | 84 (14%) | < 0.001 |
| Pre-op Atrial Fibrillation | 874 (14%) | 748 (14%) | 126 (21%) | < 0.001 |
| Pre-op ventricular arrhythmias | 15 (0.2%) | 10 (0.2%) | 5 (0.8%) | 0.012 |
| Pre-operative pacing | 288 (4.7%) | 227 (4.1%) | 61 (10%) | < 0.001 |
| Left Main Stem Stenosis | 15 (0.2%) | 12 (0.2%) | 3 (0.5%) | 0.2 |
| Left Ventricular EF | < 0.001 | |||
| Very severe impairment | 8 (0.1%) | 7 (0.1%) | 1 (0.2%) | |
| Severe impairment | 1,943 (32%) | 1,680 (30%) | 263 (44%) | |
| Moderate impairment | 121 (2.0%) | 111 (2.0%) | 10 (1.7%) | |
| No impairment | 4,037 (66%) | 3,712 (67%) | 325 (54%) | |
| Pulmonary Hypertension | 185 (3.0%) | 140 (2.5%) | 45 (7.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiogenic Shock | 167 (2.7%) | 104 (1.9%) | 63 (11%) | < 0.001 |
| Pre-op Inotropes | 278 (4.6%) | 193 (3.5%) | 85 (14%) | < 0.001 |
| Pre-op Ventilation | 148 (2.4%) | 90 (1.6%) | 58 (9.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Urgency | < 0.001 | |||
| Elective | 3,400 (56%) | 3,234 (59%) | 166 (28%) | |
| Urgent | 2,208 (36%) | 1,947 (35%) | 261 (44%) | |
| Emergency | 432 (7.1%) | 295 (5.4%) | 137 (23%) | |
| Salvage | 69 (1.2%) | 34 (0.61%) | 35(5.8%) |
BMI Body Mass Index, MI Myocardial Infarction, CVA Cerebro-Vascular Accidents, EF Ejection Fraction