Table 1.
Comparison of the characteristics between MEBM and SEBM groups
| Total (n = 1472) |
MEBM (n = 1267) |
SEBM (n = 205) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age – years | 59.7 ± 10.5 | 59.4 ± 10.3 | 62.8 ± 11.4 | 0.002 |
| Men – n (%) | 951 (65) | 756 (60) | 156 (76) | < 0.001* |
| BMI | 25.4 ± 3.2 | 25.3 ± 3.2 | 26.5 ± 3.3 | < 0.001 |
| Underweight – n (%) | 15 (1.0) | 13 (1.0) | 2 (1.0) | < 0.001* |
| Normal weight – n (%) | 751 (51) | 628 (50) | 71 (35) | |
| Overweight – n (%) | 665 (45) | 538 (42) | 97 (47) | |
| Obesity – n (%) | 128 (8.7) | 88 (7.0) | 35 (17) | |
| Comorbidities – n (%) | ||||
| DISH – n (%) | 290 (20) | 215 (17) | 75 (37) | < 0.001 |
| AS – n (%) | 10 (0.7) | 4 (0.3) | 6 (2.9) | < 0.001 |
| Prevalence of LDD – n (%) | 897 (61) | 740 (58) | 157 (77) | < 0.001 |
| LDD severity – n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Degree 1 | 81 (5.5) | 70 (5.5) | 11 (5.4) | |
| Degree 2 | 212 (14) | 172 (14) | 40 (20) | |
| Degree 3 | 358 (24) | 294 (23) | 64 (31) | |
| Degree 4 | 246 (17) | 204 (16) | 42 (20) | |
| Malignancy – n (%) | 0.13 | |||
| Hematology | 8 (0.5) | 5 (0.4) | 3 (1.5) | |
| Prostate cancer | 5 (0.3) | 5 (0.4) | 0 (0) | |
| Breast cancer | 15 (1.0) | 13 (1.0) | 2 (1.0) | |
| Lung cancer | 29 (2.0) | 25 (2.0) | 4 (2.0) | |
| Other | 51 (3.5) | 39 (3.1) | 12 (7.3) | |
| CKD – n (%) | 133 (9.0) | 106 (8.4) | 27 (13) | 0.07 |
| Stroke – n (%) | 102 (6.9) | 80 (6.3) | 22 (11) | 0.02 |
| Diabetes – n (%) | 251 (17) | 197 (16) | 54 (26) | < 0.001 |
| Thyroid dysfunction – n (%) | 47 (3.2) | 40 (3.2) | 7 (3.4) | 0.85 |
| Parathyroid dysfunction – n (%) | 27 (1.8) | 24 (1.9) | 3 (1.5) | 0.67 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis – n (%) | 14 (1.0) | 12 (1.0) | 2 (0.9) | 0.97 |
| Other immune related diseases – n (%) | 18 (1.2) | 15 (1.2) | 3 (1.5) | 0.74 |
P-values were determined using the Pearson Chi-squared test*, and independent-samples T test for the others (MEBM vs. SEBM). Total = EBM. Underweight: BMI < 18.5; Normal weight: 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25; Overweight: 25 ≤ BMI < 30; Obesity: BMI ≥ 30. Abbreviations: EBM = Elevated Bone Mass; MEBM = Moderate Elevated Bone Mass; SEBM = Super Elevated Bone Mass; BMI = Body Mass Index; DISH = Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis; AS = Ankylosing Spondylitis; LDD = Lumbar Degenerative Disease; CKD = Chronic Kidney Disease