Table 1.

Descriptive statistics and correlational analysis of connectedness to self, connectedness to nature, social connectedness, basic psychological needs, and meaning in life among college students. Given the theoretical overlap between social connectedness and basic psychological needs, discriminant validity was assessed using the heterotrait-monotrait ratio (HTMT). HTMT values ranged 0.740–0.896, below the 0.90⁶⁸ threshold for conceptually related constructs.

Variables	M ± SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1. Connectedness to self	2.51 ± 0.53	1
2. Connectedness to Nature	3.94 ± 0.50	0.40***	1
3. Social Connectedness	4.02 ± 0.75	0.57***	0.46***	1
4. Social Disconnection	2.99 ± 0.87	−0.37***	−0.39***	−0.69***	1
5.Competence	4.66 ± 0.89	0.50***	0.42***	0.66***	−0.64***	1
6.Autonomy	4.33 ± 0.87	0.52***	0.36***	0.73***	−0.66***	0.78***	1
7.Relatedness	4.92 ± 0.90	0.41***	0.41***	0.78***	−0.76***	0.70***	0.71***	1
8. Meaning in Life	4.99 ± 0.88	0.53***	0.54***	0.56***	−0.41**	0.54***	0.50***	0.45***	1

Note ^*p < 0.05,^***p < 0.01,^***p < 0.001, the same applies below.