Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of levels of spontaneous and chewing pain during separation and the early stages of leveling and alignment in the three groups along with p-values of significance testing.
| Separators | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time | Group | N | Spontaneous pain | Chewing pain | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | P-value* | Pairwise comparisons § | Mean (SD) | P-value* | Pairwise comparisons§ | P-value† | ||||
| Pair | P-value† | Pair | ||||||||
| h0 | Laser | 18 | 0.83 (1.04) | 0.430 | 0.50 (1.20) | 0.054 | ||||
| Drug | 18 | 1.27 (1.31) | 1.72 (1.93) | |||||||
| Control | 18 | 1.38 (1.46) | 1.83 (1.54) | |||||||
| 1 h | Laser | 18 | 0.44 (0.85) | 0.005 | Laser vs. Drug | 0.063 | 0.77 (1.21) | 0.011 | Laser vs. Drug | 0.051 |
| Drug | 18 | 1.88 (2.63) | Laser vs. Control | 0.002 | 2.55 (3.01) | Laser vs. Control | 0.003 | |||
| Control | 18 | 2.38 (2.37) | Drug vs. Control | 0.352 | 2.94 (2.57) | Drug vs. Control | 0.411 | |||
| 24 h | Laser | 18 | 3.77 (2.75) | 0.086 | 5.22 (2.79) | 0.281ǂ | ||||
| Drug | 18 | 3.61 (2.83) | 5.94 (2.66) | |||||||
| Control | 18 | 5.22 (2.51) | 6.66 (2.58) | |||||||
| 48 h | Laser | 18 | 3.33 (2.22) | 0.044 | Laser vs. Drug | 0.323 | 4.83 (2.22) | 0.010ǂ | Laser vs. Drug | 0.263 |
| Drug | 18 | 3.61 (1.68) | Laser vs. Control | 0.014 | 5.94 (1.92) | Laser vs. Control | 0.007 | |||
| Control | 18 | 5.11 (2.58) | Drug vs. Control | 0.068 | 7.05 (2.15) | Drug vs. Control | 0.263 | |||
| 1 week | Laser | 18 | 0.83 (1.20) | 0.276 | 2.05 (2.01) | 0.114 | ||||
| Drug | 18 | 1.16 (1.50) | 2.44 (1.91) | |||||||
| Control | 18 | 1.66 (2.32) | 3.55 (2.63) | |||||||
| 0.014 NiTi and 0.016 NiTi archwires | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time | Group | N | 0.014 inch archwire | 0.016 inch archwire | ||||||
| Spontaneous pain | Chewing pain | Spontaneous pain | Chewing pain | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | P-value* | Mean (SD) | P-value* | Mean (SD) | P-value* | Mean (SD) | P-value* | |||
| h0 | Laser | 18 | 0.56 (0.92) | 0.135 | 1.61 (2.43) | 0.700 | 0.67 (1.24) | 0.056 | 1 (1.08) | 0.140 |
| Drug | 18 | 1.22 (1.56) | 1.67 (2.03) | 1.28 (0.89) | 1.83 (1.50) | |||||
| Control | 18 | 1.33 (1.78) | 1.61 (1.79) | 0.94 (1.21) | 1.17 (1.38) | |||||
| 1 h | Laser | 18 | 1 (1.33) | 0.079 | 1.78 (2.34) | 0.124 | 1.11 (1.68) | 0.422 | 1.61 (1.72) | 0.409 |
| Drug | 18 | 2 (2.28) | 2.89 (2.42) | 1.56 (1.65) | 2.28 (2.02) | |||||
| Control | 18 | 2.28 (2.14) | 3.44 (2.89) | 1.72 (1.99) | 2.33 (2.11) | |||||
| 24 h | Laser | 18 | 2.83 (2.50) | 0.322 | 4.56 (2.45) | 0.308 ǂ | 0.89 (1.57) | 0.067 | 1.78 (1.52) | 0.299 |
| Drug | 18 | 3.50 (2.66) | 6 (3.11) | 1.44 (1.76) | 2.11 (1.71) | |||||
| Control | 18 | 3.94 (2.96) | 5.44 (2.85) | 2.17 (2.36) | 2.78 (2.29) | |||||
| 48 h | Laser | 18 | 2.78 (3.32) | 0.564 | 4.11 (2.65) | 0.522 | 0.83 (1.42) | 0.192 | 1.44 (1.46) | 0.160 |
| Drug | 18 | 3.11 (2.68) | 5.22 (3.28) | 1.33 (1.64) | 1.33 (1.19) | |||||
| Control | 18 | 3.33 (2.97) | 4.89 (3.03) | 1.83 (2.28) | 2.50 (2.43) | |||||
| 1 week | Laser | 18 | 0.94 (1.30) | 0.360 | 1.89 (1.71) | 0.212 | 0.44 (0.92) | 0.264 | 0.78 (0.88) | 0.260 |
| Drug | 18 | 1.44 (2.20) | 3.22 (2.88) | 0.83 (1.62) | 0.44 (0.62) | |||||
| Control | 18 | 2.06 (2.34) | 3.61 (3.15) | 1 (1.28) | 1.56 (1.50) | |||||
| Next visit | Laser | 18 | 0.11 (0.47) | 0.160 | 0.56 (0.98) | 0.320 | 0.11 (0.32) | 0.308 | 0.11 (0.32) | 0.242 |
| Drug | 18 | 0.67 (1.03) | 0.89 (1.84) | 0.11 (0.32) | 0.39 (0.70) | |||||
| Control | 18 | 1.06 (1.35) | 1.94 (2.29) | 0.28 (0.46) | 0.44 (0.70) | |||||
* Kruskal-Wallis test was applied unless another test was indicated; †: Mann-Whitney U test was used for pairwise comparisons unless another test was indicated; ǂ: One-way ANOVA; underlined P-values are related to Tukey’s HSD tests; §: pairwise comparisons were applied when a significant difference was found between the groups in general; level of significance was set at 0.05 and Bonferroni’s correction was applied for post-hoc tests (i.e., adjusted α = 0.016); N: number of patients; h0: immediately.