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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30940. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16387-6

Table 1.

Primers for RT-qPCR.

Gene symbol Gene name Direction Primer sequence Reference
Upregulated genes SOSTDC1 Sclerostin domain containing 1 Forward CATTCACTTCTACGGCTTACTCC This study
Reverse CAACTTGAACGCGATTGTTACGG
RGS2 Regulator of G-protein signaling 2 Forward ACCACACCTACTTCAGACCTTC This study
Reverse GTTCTCTTCGCAGAACTCAGAC
ELOVL3 ELOVL fatty acid elongase 3 Forward AAGTCCTGGAACTGGGTGATAC This study
Reverse CACCAGACAACATCTCCTTGTAG
STAR Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein Forward AGGAGAAGCCCTTCAGCGAGA This study
Reverse CACTTTGTCTCCGTTGTCCGCC
IL21R Interleukin 21 receptor Forward ACATGCAGTGTCTGCGGTCC This study
Reverse GGTTCTGACTGGATGTCCTTGCC
Downregulated genes CKMT2 Creatine kinase, mitochondrial 2 Forward GGTCGATCAGAGGTGGAACT This study
Reverse CAAACTGTGGCAATGGTGGT
C1orf158 Chromosome 1 open reading frame 158 Forward CGAGGAGCCGACATTTGGTA This study
Reverse TAGTTGGTGGGTGGTTCCAG
NME4 NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 4 Forward ATGCACGTCAGCAGGAACG This study
Reverse TCCCTTTGGAACCAGAAGCC
SPERT Spermatid associated Forward CAACTCCCACAAGCAGTCCTAATC This study
Reverse GCTTTGTACACCGTGTGCTCTG
NEUROD1 Neuronal differentiation 1 Forward GCTGAGAACGGAGGCGCT This study
Reverse GTCCTCCTCCTTCTTGTCGG
Reference genes PPIA Peptidylprolyl isomerase A Forward CCAACCCCGTCGTGTTCTTC 34
Reverse GTTATGGGCACCTTGTCAGCG
ACTB Actin beta Forward TGAACCCCAAAGCCAACAGAG 35
Reverse TCACCAGAGTCCATCACAATACCA