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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30856. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-10857-7

Table 5.

Affinities of different phytochemicals in clove with different growth proteins in house fly.

Target protein Phytochemicals
Eugenol 3-Allyl-6-methoxyphenol Caryophyllene Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl) 3-Allyl-6-methoxyphenyl acetate Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Cytochrome P450 − 5.8 − 6.0 − 6.8 − 6.1 − 5.7 − 5.3
Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase − 5.9 − 6.0 − 7.1 − 6.3 − 6.1 − 7.0
Muscle calcium channel subunit − 5.6 − 6.1 − 7.4 − 6.5 − 6.6 − 6.7
Odorant binding protein 2 − 5.5 − 5.2 − 7.4 − 6.1 − 5.7 − 6.3
GABA receptor subunit beta − 4.6 − 5.3 − 5.8 − 5.2 − 4.9 − 5.6
Vitellogenin domain-containing − 5.6 − 5.5 − 7.4 − 6.4 − 6.2 − 6.6
Gustatory receptor − 5.7 − 6.3 − 9.0 − 6.4 − 6.8 − 7.6