Table 6.
Welfare impacts of digital training Participation.
| Mean outcome | ATT/ATU | T-value | Change (%) | ATT by districts | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To participate | Not to participate | Okara | Pakpattan | ||||
| Farmer who participated in digital training | |||||||
| Productivity (yield/acre) | 131.72 | 76.51 | ATT = 55.21*** | 9.24 | 72.16 |
49.73*** (9.37) |
56.71*** (9.27) |
| Adoption of ESA practices | 0.629 | 0.375 | ATT = 0.254*** | 4.15 | 67.73 |
0.311*** (0.073) |
0.238** (0.103) |
| Net farm returns (PKR) | 35,738 | 21,374 | ATT = 14,365*** | 6.35 | 67.21 |
15,272*** (2673.7) |
16,296*** (3182.8) |
| Farmer that did not participate | |||||||
| Productivity (yield/acre) | 134.26 | 94.65 | ATU = 39.61*** | 12.84 | 41.85 |
42.26*** (7.36) |
35.79*** (5.81) |
| Adoption of ESA practices | 0.752 | 0.434 | ATU = 0.318*** | 4.62 | 73.27 |
0.321** (0.143) |
0.337*** (0.025) |
| Net farm returns (PKR per acre) | 37,418 | 22,822 | ATU = 14,597*** | 6.92 | 63.96 |
16,278*** (3729.5) |
14,829*** (2895.8) |
| Heterogeneity (Productivity) | 0.163 | 0.092 | |||||
| Heterogeneity (adoption of ESA practices) | 0.287 | 0.153 | |||||
| Heterogeneity (NFR) | 0.392 | 0.268 | |||||
*P < 0.1; **P < 0.05; ***P < 0.01. Standard error is parenthesis.