Table 3.

JSON data format.

phy_payload	mhdr	The “mhdr” (Message Header) contains the message type and the LoRaWAN MAC version.
	mic	The “mic” (Message Integrity Code) is a 4-byte value used to ensure the integrity of the message.
	payload	The “payload” includes information such as the end-device address (devaddr), frame counter (f_cnt), control information (f_ctrl), and the encrypted payload data (frm_payload).
rx_info	context	Gateway specific context, which is used in the downlink process (Class-A).
	crcStatus	Cyclic Redundancy Check status
	fineTimeSinceGpsEpoch	This timestamp can be used for TDOA based geolocation.
	gatewayId	Gateway EUI, which is used to distinguish between different gateways.
	gwTime	Gateway RX time (set if the gateway has a GNSS module).
	location	Longitude, latitude, and altitude of the LoRaWAN gateway.
	metadata	The “metadata” configured in the Network Server can be used to expose information about the gateway, such as its IP address, hostname, and HAL version.
	nsTime	Network Server RX time (set by the NS on receiving the uplink).
	rssi	Received Signal Strength Indicator
	snr	Signal-to-Noise Ratio
	timeSinceGpsEpoch	RX time as time since GPS epoch (set if the gateway has a GNSS module).
	uplinkId	Uplink ID
tx_info	frequency	Received packet frequency
	modulation	The “modulation” includes parameters like spreading factor (SF), bandwidth, and coding rate.