. 2025 Aug 22;15:30900. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15790-3

Table 3.

Pooled mean performance observed in 24 Tartary buckwheat genotypes for 15 agronomic and nutritional parameters under five test environments during 2021–23.

G/ E	Pooled mean
	Agro-morphological									Nutritional
	DTF (days)	DTM (days)	LPP (no.)	PBP (no.)	PH (cm)	100-SW (g)	NSPP (no.)	SPP (g)	SYPP (g)	Ca (%/100 g)	P (%/100 g)	Mg (%/100 g)	Fe (%/100 g)	Zn (%/100 g)	PC (%/100 g)
G1	44.10^jk	85.17^gh	41.72^a	2.28^mn	110.30^a	2.15^de	194.58^a	9.68^a	5.25^a	56.36^c-f	371.84^b-f	224.42^ab	4.32^b	3.28^a	10.87^j
G2	62.10^a	102.26^a	30.88^cd	2.56^i-l	100.52^b	2.39^ab	159.8^c	8.38^bc	3.69^cd	54.72^e-h	341.32^i-k	225.76^ab	4.64^a	3.34^a	13.26^ef
G3	46.20^h-j	84.66^gh	26.62^f.	2.36^l-n	87.05^g-k	2.29^c	184.68^b	8.00^de	4.12^b	49.9^kl	357.72^e-i	192.38^hi	3.80^d-i	3.04^cd	10.89^j
G4	42.00^k*	83.47^gh	31.32^cd	2.84^fg	90.49^c-g	1.85^h	122.69^f	7.85^d-f	2.51^gh	59.52^ab	354.12^f-j	212.64^cd	4.06^c	2.82^f.-i	13.77^de
G5	48.80^e-g	80.71^h	30.90^cd	3.48^b	80.06^n-p	2.23^cd	112.39^g	7.83^d-f	2.19^jk	55.32^d-g*	369.02^b-f*	204.68^d-f	3.68ⁱ	2.80^g-k	14.82^b*
G6	54.20b	90.54^c-e	27.30^f.	2.96^ef*	87.89^f.-j	1.99^fg	98.65^jk	7.40^g-i	1.64^l	60.44^a*	392.62^a*	183.28^j	3.70^hi	2.40ⁿ	13.30^ef*
G7	46.70^f.-i*	86.29^fg*	24.08^gh	3.00^ef*	82.52^l-n	1.82^hi	110.25^gh	6.97^j	2.22^ij	50.48^kl	337.22^jk	228.26^a*	3.78^e-i	3.28^a*	11.08^j
G8	55.40^b	86.13^fg*	23.06^hi	2.16ⁿ	87.57^g-k*	2.23^cd*	136.58^de*	8.53^bc*	2.69^f.	57.46^b-d*	381.12^a-d*	228.62^a*	3.90^c-g	2.68^i-m	15.54^a*
G9	50.10^de	84.59^gh*	22.34ⁱ	2.48^j-m	77.81^pq	2.29^c	115.35^g	8.00^de*	2.35^h-j	55.70^d-g*	329.02^k	195.78^f.-i	3.74^f.-i	2.96^d-f*	14.19^cd*
G10	53.20^bc	87.00^e-g*	26.94^f.	2.48^j-m	80.25^n-p	2.09^e	134.79^de*	7.02^ij	3.57^d*	46.28^m	348.62^g-k	201.6^e-h	3.82^d-i	2.96^d-f*	11.52^ij
G11	46.30^g-j*	84.89^gh*	31.18^cd*	3.24^cd*	91.89^c-f*	2.44^a*	140.12^d*	7.75^e-g	3.58^d*	58.50^a-c*	372.82^b-f*	197.66^f.-h	3.94^c-e	2.82^f.-j	13.54^e*
G12	54.60^b	89.58^d-f	28.82^e*	2.72^g-i	89.25^e-h*	2.49^a*	115.25^g	7.90^d-f*	2.70^f.	51.10^j-l	365.82^c-g*	194.90^g-i	3.90^c-g	2.76^h-l	11.37^j
G13	54.70^b	92.02^cd	30.30^cd*	3.08^de*	94.45^c*	2.08^ef	99.22^jk	7.35^h-j	3.81^c*	57.60^b-d*	371.82^b-f*	226.28^ab*	4.26^b*	3.36^a*	15.88^a*
G14	53.20^bc	92.56^cd	30.74^cd*	2.52^i-l	85.96^h-l	1.72ⁱ	103.91^ij	7.40^g-i	1.58^l	60.66^a*	363.62^d-h*	211.48^cd*	3.72^g-i	2.94^d-g*	14.49^bc*
G15	53.30^bc	92.4^cd	33.60^b*	3.24^cd*	84.54^j-m	2.46^a*	98.54^jk	8.19^cd*	2.04^k	49.54^l	359.42^e-i	187.88^ij	3.42^j	2.60^m	12.82^fg
G16	49.10^ef*	91.05^c-e	31.62^c*	2.68^g-j	92.24^c-e*	2.32^bc*	105.74^hi	7.83^d-f*	2.66^fg	55.06^d-g*	349.72^g-j	203.68^d-g	4.04^c*	2.88^e-h	12.62^gh
G17	47.10^f.-i*	85.84^fg*	21.10^j	2.60^h-k	84.98^i-m	2.43^a*	103.21^ij	6.95^j	2.82^f.	51.62^i-l	347.02^h-k	198.48^f.-h	3.98^cd*	2.82^f.-j	11.50^ij
G18	44.10^jk*	90.63^c-e	23.20^hi	2.84^fg*	74.37^q	2.06^ef	130.93^e*	7.84^d-f*	3.36^e*	52.22^h-k	378.42^a-d*	218.98^bc*	4.34^b*	2.66^lm	12.48^gh
G19	55.40^b	97.25^b	26.80^f.	3.40^bc*	83.7^k-n	2.43^a*	124.76^f.*	7.13^ij	3.29^e*	59.22^ab*	385.32^ab*	210.68^c-e*	4.36^b*	3.30^a*	12.07^hi
G20	47.60^e-i	87.38^e-g	19.64^j	2.56^i-l	78.03^o-q	2.32^bc	135.13^de	7.31^h-j	3.54^d	53.18^g-j	346.72^h-k	198.42^f.-h	3.84^d-i	2.82^f.-i	14.86^b
G21	47.6^e-i	84.08^gh	25.18^g	2.88^e-g	81.83^m-o	1.91^gh	135.67^de	7.57^fh	2.38^hi	53.18^g-j	340.82^ik	204.58^d-f	3.88^c-h	3.22^ab	12.55^gh
G22	48.00^e-h	85.8^fg	30.20^d	2.80^f.-h	88.91^e-i	2.06^ef	91.45^l	8.37^bc	2.04^k	50.82^j-l	346.32^h-k	231.88^a	3.80^d-i	3.10^bc	11.53^ij
G23	45.20^ij	84.09^gh	34.34^b	3.68^a	94.44^cd	2.47^a	90.94^l	8.71^b	2.27^ij	53.76^f-i	373.32^b-e	194.58^g-i	3.92^c-f	2.98^c-e	14.77^b
G24	51.70^cd	94.34^bc	22.62ⁱ	2.40^k-m	74.00^q	2.45^a	93.65^kl	7.04^ij	2.2^jk	57.02^b-e	384.02^a-c	181.48^j	3.88^c-h	2.64^lm	12.23^gh
E1	50.75²	86.45³	30.55¹	96.21¹	2.95¹	2.32¹	126.83¹	8.38¹	3.32¹	54.07³	359.74¹	206.17²	3.94²	2.90²	12.92³
E2	48.25³	89.38¹²	26.79³	83.33³	2.53⁴	2.05⁵	120.79³	7.48²	2.76³	53.52³	360.65¹	207.83¹²	3.94²	2.88²	12.93²³
E3	50.44²	87.01³	27.05³	86.65²	2.93¹	2.27³	123.48²	8.42¹	2.87²	54.84²	361.26¹	208.98¹	3.97¹	2.92²	12.99^1–3
E4	52.13¹	89.15²	27.00³	80.71⁴	2.85²	2.30²	120.17³	7.21³	2.57⁴	58.27¹	361.78¹	207.63¹²	3.94²	3.08¹	13.04¹²
E5	48.58³	90.25¹	29.14²	87.07²	2.75³	2.10⁴	120.88³	7.47²	2.75³	52.15⁴	362.36¹	202.38³	3.95¹²	2.90²	13.10¹
G.M	50.03	88.45	28.10	2.80	86.79	2.21	122.43	7.79	2.85	54.57	361.16	206.60	3.95	2.94	13.00
C.D	2.304	2.701	3.129	3.05	0.33	0.126	12.211	0.592	0.287	1.583	1.583	15.951	0.249	0.17	1.583
S.E. (m)	0.819	0.96	1.112	1.084	0.166	0.045	4.34	0.21	0.102	0.563	0.563	5.67	0.088	0.06	0.563
C.V	3.66	2.427	8.848	2.793	9.375	4.557	7.927	6.036	7.999	9.683	9.683	6.137	5.006	4.596	9.683

G: Genotypes; E: Environments; DTF: Days to 50% flowering; DTM: Days to 80% maturity; LPP: Leaves per plant; PBP: Primary branches per plant; PH: Plant height; 100-SW: 100 seed weight; NSPP: Number of seed per plant; SPP: Straw yield per plant; SYPP: Seed yield per plant; Ca: Calcium; P: Phosphorus; Mg: Magnesium; Fe: Iron; Zn: Zinc; PC: Protein content.