. 2025 Aug 22;15:30900. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15790-3

Table 6.

Communality, factors, selection differential for 15 agronomic and nutritional parameters estimated in 24 Tartary buckwheat genotypes under five test environments during 2021–23 (E1-E5).

Trait	FA1	FA2	FA3	FA4	FA5	FA6	Comm	Uniq	Factor	Selection differential for the mean of the variables							Selection differential for WASSBY index
Trait	FA1	FA2	FA3	FA4	FA5	FA6	Comm	Uniq	Factor	X_o	X_s	SD	SD%	SG	SG%	h²	X_o	X_s	SD	SD%
DTF	− 0.22	− 0.22	− 0.82	− 0.13	0.09	0.02	0.79	0.21	3	50.00	53.10	3.07	6.14	2.98	5.95	0.97	50.8	62.3	11.5	22.7
DTM	0.02	− 0.06	− 0.79	− 0.03	− 0.11	− 0.03	0.65	0.35	3	88.50	93.60	5.14	5.80	4.95	5.59	0.96	45	58.1	13.1	29
LPP	− 0.01	− 0.07	0.03	− 0.06	− 0.50	0.81	0.91	0.09	6	28.20	32.40	4.16	14.70	3.95	14.00	0.95	45.9	59.3	13.4	29.1
PBP	0.03	− 0.18	− 0.08	0.01	− 0.91	− 0.03	0.86	0.14	5	2.90	2.90	0.00	0.08	0.00	0.08	0.91	50.8	57	6.19	12.2
PH	− 0.22	0.03	− 0.01	0.19	0.04	0.77	0.68	0.32	6	86.80	96.20	9.45	10.90	9.28	10.70	0.98	42.5	57.2	14.6	34.4
100-SW	0.43	0.09	− 0.61	0.33	− 0.10	− 0.13	0.69	0.31	3	2.21	2.27	0.06	2.89	0.06	2.78	0.96	66.9	70.9	4.05	6.05
NSPP	− 0.12	0.04	0.13	0.81	0.37	0.21	0.86	0.14	4	123.00	137.00	14.40	11.70	14.00	11.40	0.98	45.6	58.2	12.7	27.8
SPP	0.01	− 0.12	0.05	0.06	0.18	0.75	0.62	0.38	6	7.89	8.17	0.28	3.54	0.25	3.16	0.89	40	43.7	3.65	9.12
SYPP	− 0.22	0.14	− 0.05	0.86	− 0.27	0.07	0.88	0.12	4	2.96	3.84	0.89	30.00	0.88	29.60	0.99	47.8	65.4	17.5	36.7
Ca	− 0.30	− 0.79	− 0.14	− 0.10	− 0.09	− 0.02	0.76	0.24	2	54.60	56.60	2.02	3.71	1.67	3.06	0.83	60.7	72.4	11.7	19.3
P	0.33	− 0.73	0.11	0.12	− 0.05	0.14	0.69	0.31	2	361.00	364.00	2.85	0.79	2.37	0.66	0.84	53	50.6	− 2.44	− 4.61
Mg	− 0.89	− 0.01	0.07	− 0.01	0.02	0.26	0.86	0.14	1	207.00	218.00	11.60	5.60	9.94	4.81	0.86	61.8	79.5	17.7	28.7
Fe	− 0.83	− 0.01	− 0.07	0.27	0.01	− 0.09	0.77	0.23	1	3.95	4.32	0.38	9.56	0.34	8.54	0.89	49.9	68.7	18.8	37.7
Zn	− 0.71	0.51	− 0.07	0.24	− 0.01	0.13	0.83	0.17	1	2.94	3.23	0.30	10.10	0.28	9.56	0.95	56.5	78.3	21.8	38.5
PC	0.09	− 0.65	− 0.22	− 0.15	− 0.10	0.08	0.52	0.48	2	13.00	12.90	− 0.06	− 0.46	− 0.05	− 0.40	0.86	47.3	45.9	− 1.33	− 2.82
Mean							0.76	0.24

Comm.: Communality; Uniq.: Uniqueness; X_o: overall; X_s: selected; SD: Selection differential; SG: Selection gain; DTF: Days to 50% flowering; DTM: Days to 80% maturity; LPP: Leaves per plant; PBP: Primary branches per plant; PH: Plant height; 100-SW: 100 seed weight; NSPP: Number of seed per plant; SPP: Straw yield per plant; SYPP: Seed yield per plant; Ca: Calcium; P: Phosphorus; Mg: Magnesium; Fe: Iron; Zn: Zinc; PC: Protein content.