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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30900. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15790-3

Table 8.

Details of different locations, its average annual weather parameters and soil type.

Sr. no Parameters Location code
E1 E2 E3 E4 E5
1 Cropping period May-Aug, 2021 Feb-April, 2022 May-Aug, 2022 Feb-April, 2023 Feb-April, 2023
2 Farming System Inorganic Inorganic Inorganic Natural faming (ZBNF) Inorganic
3 Location (H.P.) Sangla Palampur Sangla Palampur Palampur
4 Latitude 31° 29′ N 32° 6′ N 31° 29′ N 32° 6′ N 32° 6′ N
5 Longitude 78° 60′ E 76° 3′ E 78° 60′ E 76° 3′ E 76° 3′ E
6 Altitude (a.m.s.l.) 2621 1219 2621 1219 1219
7 Agro-climatic zone Mid-hill temperate Mid-hill sub humid Mid-hill temperate Mid-hill sub humid Mid-hill sub humid
8 Average minimum temperature (℃) 10.10 11.83 10.50 12.00 12.00
9 Average maximum temperature (℃) 22.50 21.70 23.80 23.00 23.00
10 Total rainfall (mm) 625.70 1578 436.4 1578 1578
11 Relative humidity (%) 73.56 68.82 79.36 67.51 67.51
12 Soil texture Sandy loam Silty clay loam Sandy loam Silty clay loam Silty clay loam
13 Soil pH 6.5–6.9 5.23–6.1 6.5–6.9 5.12–5.86 5.23–6.1

H.P.: Himachal Pradesh; ZBNF: Zero Budget Natural Farming.