Skip to main content
. 2025 Aug 22;15:30897. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16095-1

Table 1.

The values of the evaluation indices obtained for all developed algorithms concerning all segments.

Model R 2 MSE AARE%
Training Test Total Training Test Total Training Test Total
Decision tree 1 0.9877749 0.998612 0 874.94053 89.61655 0 1.962774 0.201039
AdaBoost 0.999816 0.9873096 0.998396 11.68284 908.2457 103.5141 0.049028 2.0167033 0.250568
Random forest 0.998877 0.9938321 0.998306 71.45457 441.43629 109.3503 0.522292 1.2746318 0.599351
KNN 0.995793 0.9909112 0.995245 267.7302 650.47875 306.9336 0.758256 1.5837447 0.842808
Ensemble learning 0.999478 0.9941084 0.998869 33.19793 421.6589 72.98639 0.311831 1.2146281 0.404301
CNN 0.999489 0.9995753 0.999499 32.53207 30.393282 32.31301 0.339601 0.3274238 0.338354
SVR 0.995183 0.9980559 0.995517 306.5239 139.13604 289.3791 0.802766 0.6995348 0.792193
MLP-ANN 0.98711 0.9895765 0.987411 820.2769 746.00069 812.6691 1.660529 1.648544 1.659302
Linear regression 0.984623 0.9853604 0.984731 978.5468 1047.7514 985.6351 1.821798 1.9798891 1.837991
Ridge regression 0.984623 0.9853636 0.984732 978.5656 1047.5161 985.6279 1.821681 1.9782273 1.837716