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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30965. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15849-1

Table 2.

Comparison of present research with identical studies.

Reference Country Material used Yield
Kabeel (2018)58 Egypt Graphite 7.74 L/day m2
Modi (2020)63 India Black granite 2253.6 ml/m2
Suraparaju (2021)60 India Ball marbles 2950 mL/m2
Kumaravel (2023)64 Blue metal stones, pebble stones,
Sambare (2023)65 India Jute cloth, iron pieces, and wire mesh 4.03,4.74 & 5.23 L/m2
Mevada44 India Black colour glass ball (BCGB), Black granite (BG), and White marble stone (WMS) 2.50 L/ m2
Attia (2020)59 Algeria Aluminium balls 6.25 kg
Noman66 India Custard apple seeds 3.73 kg/m2
Noman61 India Pistachio shell powder 2.7 kg/m2
Hussein (2023)62 India Salt balls 1.5 cm water depth for (case 1) salt balls and 2 cm water depth for (case 2)

1934 g/ m2

1655 g/ m2

Present work India Black rubber mat 2.82 kg