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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30942. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16173-4

Table 1.

Spatial feature indicators and descriptions.

Category Spatial Element Shortcuts Unit Description
Spatial Indicators Spatial Scale SSL Inline graphic Spatial Area
Spatial Shape SSP - Aspect Ratio (Length to Width)
Enclosure Degree ED - Length Enclosed by Elements / Perimeter of Space
Green Enclosure Degree GED - Length Enclosed by Vegetation / Perimeter of Space
Number of Steps NS Count /
Elevation Change EC m Highest Point - Lowest Point of the Site
Green Indicators Green Envelopment GE - Length Enclosed by Plants / Perimeter of Space
Green Space Area GSA Inline graphic Grass, Shrub Coverage Area, Excluding Trees
Tree Canopy Area Ratio TCAR - Vertical Projection Area of Tree Canopy
Facility Indicators Building Area BA Inline graphic Vertical Projection Area of Structures Such as Pavilions and Canopies
Seating Area SA Inline graphic Area of Seating Available on Chairs, Planters, etc.
Number of Fitness Facilities NFF Count /
Types of Fitness Facilities TFF Categories /
Fitness Facility Density FFD Count per Square Meter Number of Fitness Facilities / Spatial Area
Number of Chess and Card Tables and Chairs NCCTC Count /
Density of Chess and Card Tables and Chairs DCCTC Count per Square Meter Number of Chess and Card Facilities / Spatial Area
Accessibility Indicators Population Served PS People Number of Residents within a 10-Minute Walking Radius
Number of Entrances NE Count Number of Access Points

- denotes no unit specified.