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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30942. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16173-4

Table 6.

Nonlinear relationships between spatial feature indicators and behavioral types.

Behavioral Type Spatial Feature Indicator Overall Impact Threshold Effect Marginal Effect
Exercise Types of Fitness Facilities + Yes /
Density of Fitness Facilities + Yes /
Jogging Number of Entrances + Yes Initially increasing then decreasing
Spatial Shape - Yes Decreasing
Spatial Scale + Yes /
Sitting Seating Area + Inline graphic Yes Initially increasing then decreasing
Number of Fitness Facilities + Yes No significant effect
Degree of Green Enclosure + Yes No significant effect
Walking Spatial Scale + Yes Initially increasing then decreasing
Spatial Shape + Inline graphic / No significant effect
Number of People Served - Inline graphic Yes No significant effect
Standing Spatial Shape + Inline graphic Yes /
Spatial Scale - Yes Decreasing
Chess and Cards Spatial Scale - Yes Decreasing
Seating Area + Yes Initially increasing then decreasing
Number of Chess and Card Tables + Yes Initially increasing then decreasing

+ indicates a promoting effect, - indicates an inhibiting effect, Inline graphic indicates fluctuation, Yes indicates the presence of a threshold effect, and / in the Marginal Effect column indicates no significant effect or uncertainty.