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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30966. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16773-0

Table 1.

Toxicity of Diflubenzuron and its nanoformulation against larvae and eggs of Helicoverpa armigera. FL = Fiducial Limits.

Insect stage Treatment df Slope ± SE X2 Lethal concentration ((µg a.i./mL) 95%FL*)
LC10 LC50 LC90
Larvae diflubenzuron 3 3.22 ± 0.5 40.98

126.83

(80- 162.96)

316.87

(276.11-360.48)

791.61

(627.01–1197)

diflubenzuron@NPs 3 2.98 ± 0.44 45.82

51.78

(33.29–66.97)

139.36

(120.58–160.50)

375.03

(292.22-574.84)

Egg diflubenzuron 3 14.33 ± 1.51 89.72

57.58

(53.98–60.20)

70.74

(68.91–72.49)

86.92

(83.57–91.90)

diflubenzuron@NPs 3 2.65 ± 0.51 27.20

2.83

(0.38–4.89)

8.58

(5.02–12.80)

26.1

(16.15–39.96)