Table 1.

Results of statistical comparisons of sperm characteristics in fresh semen of mature (n = 20; 2–4 years) and senile (n = 20; ≥ 9 years) dogs (repeated-measures ANOVA).

Parameter	Age Group	Animal	Individual Age
Total motility	P < 0.001	P < 0.001	P < 0.001
Sperm concentration	P = 0.003	P = 0.003	P = 0.004
Total sperm count	P < 0.001	P < 0.001	P < 0.001
Proximal cytoplasmic droplets	P = 0.006	P = 0.009	P = 0.009
Tail defects	P = 0.048	P = 0.067	P = 0.035
Head defects	P = 0.600	P = 0.940	P = 0.706
Midpiece defects	P = 0.227	P = 0.010	P = 0.320
Live lipid peroxidation	P = 0.838	P = 0.829	P = 0.858
Dead lipid peroxidation	P = 0.238	P = 0.234	P = 0.418
DNA fragmentation index	P = 0.148	P = 0.106	P = 0.148
High DNA stainability	P = 0.309	P = 0.275	P = 0.446