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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30869. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16518-z

Table 3.

The mean percentage (± SE) of dead pupa, successful Imago, normal and abnormal Imago across various soil depths (0, 4, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 cm).

Level (cm) Dead pupae (%) Successful imago (%) Normal imago (%) Abnormal imago (%)
0 55.83 ± 8.18abc 44.17 ± 8.18 cd 25.42 ± 5.31 cd 18.75 ± 7.13ns
4 35.00 ± 8.00a 65.00 ± 8.00d 55.00 ± 8.51d 10.00 ± 2.89ns
10 52.50 ± 10.25ab 47.50 ± 10.25 cd 40.00 ± 10.57 cd 7.50 ± 2.34ns
20 87.92 ± 2.98d 12.08 ± 2.98ab 5.42 ± 1.68ab 6.67 ± 2.41ns
30 75.83 ± 5.90bc 24.17 ± 5.90bc 19.17 ± 5.14bc 5.00 ± 1.38ns
40 94.58 ± 2.17d 5.42 ± 2.17a 2.92 ± 1.56a 2.08 ± 1.14ns
50 79.58 ± 5.13 cd 20.42 ± 5.13abc 9.17 ± 3.36ab 11.25 ± 2.96ns
60 90.83 ± 2.81d 9.17 ± 2.81ab 4.17 ± 2.12a 5.00 ± 1.95ns

Note: Different letters on the same column indicate significant differences at the level of P < 0.05 Dunn Post hoc Test.