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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30869. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16518-z

Table 7.

The mean development time (± SE) of succesful, normal and abnormal Imago across various soil depths (0, 4, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 cm).

Level (cm) Successful imago (%) Normal imago (%) Abnormal imago (%)
0 8.32 ± 0.39 11.75 ± 0.54 10.79 ± 1.33
4 8.82 ± 0.72 8.92 ± 0.85 9.46 ± 0.75
10 11.05 ± 0.68 11.08 ± 0.84 12.00 ± 0.44
20 11.62 ± 1.34 10.78 ± 1.38 11.65 ± 1.48
30 11.38 ± 1.16 11.69 ± 1.03 10.61 ± 1.13
40 12.08 ± 2.09 13.13 ± 2.29 12.00 ± 3.00
50 11.51 ± 1.35 10.38 ± 1.43 11.17 ± 1.67
60 10.81 ± 1.77 9.47 ± 1.92 10.30 ± 2.15