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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30884. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-08919-x

Table 2.

Dietary intakes across tertiles of energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index.

Nutrient Tertiles of energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index
T1
(n = 166)
T2
(n = 167)
T3
(n = 167)
Carbohydrate (gr/day)

ADHD

Control

219.1 ± 15.2

228.7 ± 19.3

217.6 ± 16.7

223.1 ± 13.2

216.7 ± 21.9

217.1 ± 18.0

P value < 0.001 0.003 0.893
Protein (gr/day)

ADHD

Control

42.3 ± 20.5

71.8 ± 18.1

47.3 ± 21.9

75.3 ± 15.4

50.6 ± 21.9

82.3 ± 18.0

P value < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
Fat (gr/day)

ADHD

Control

77.3 ± 6.1

61.7 ± 8.6

75.9 ± 7.7

62.8 ± 6.4

70.1 ± 10.8

57.6 ± 9.0

P value < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
SFA (gr/day)

ADHD

Control

21.6 ± 2.5

17.2 ± 2.5

21.1 ± 3.2

17.0 ± 1.6

19.2 ± 2.5

15.2 ± 2.5

P value < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
Vitamin A (RAE)

ADHD

Control

748.1 ± 468.2

1182.2 ± 383.8

845.7 ± 579.8

1263.2 ± 438.0

999.5 ± 592.6

1200.6 ± 489.5

P value < 0.001 < 0.001 0.005
Vitamin B1(mg/day)

ADHD

Control

1.0 ± 0.12

1.2 ± 0.12

1.0 ± 0.1

1.2 ± 0.1

1.0 ± 0.1

1.3 ± 0.1

P value < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
Vitamin C (mg/day)

ADHD

Control

84.2 ± 16.24

163.2 ± 58.50

91.3 ± 60.5

162.3 ± 45.1

109.1 ± 61.8

178.2 ± 50.2

P value < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
Zn (mg/day)

ADHD

Control

5.0 ± 0.1.3

7.6 ± 1.3

5.4 ± 1.6

8.0 ± 1.6

5.6 ± 1.3

8.2 ± 1.3

P value < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
Potassium (mg/day)

ADHD

Control

1959.9 ± 772.8

3036.7 ± 631.1

2116.6 ± 876.1

3208.2 ± 657.0

2318.3 ± 721.5

3335.3 ± 582.7

P value < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
Magnesium (mg/day)

ADHD

Control

152.9 ± 56.6

242.5 ± 46.4

162.4 ± 64.5

250.6 ± 47.7

175.1 ± 50.2

263.5 ± 41.2

P value < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
Phosphorus (mg/day)

ADHD

Control

738.0 ± 235.1

1141.2 ± 193.3

785.2 ± 283.4

1198.1 ± 219.8

837.6 ± 243.5

1255.6 ± 199.7

P value < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
Calcium (mg/day)

ADHD

Control

525.9 ± 253.8

818.7 ± 176.5

549.8 ± 248.6

847.6 ± 185.5

578.8 ± 213.9

881.5 ± 175.2

P value < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
Fiber (gr/day)

ADHD

Control

8.1 ± 5.1

17.7 ± 3.8

9.0 ± 5.1

18.4 ± 3.8

10.9 ± 5.1

19.3 ± 3.8

P value < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001

Data are presented as mean ± SD.

P-value obtained from analysis of variance (ANOVA).