Table 1.
Water ecological security evaluation system for the YRD region.
| Objective Layer | System Layer | Indicator Name | Unit | Indicator Description | Attribute |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water Ecological Safety in the Yangtze River Delta | Water resource security | Per capita water resources (X1) | m³/person | Reflects population security level of water resources | Positive |
| Water supply-demand balance rate (X2) | — | Represents matching degree of water supply and demand | Positive | ||
| Precipitation (X3) | mm | Measures natural replenishment level of regional water resources | Positive | ||
| Total surface water supply (X4) | 10⁸ m³ | Reflects development scale of surface water resources | Positive | ||
| Water environment safety | Chemical oxygen demand (COD) emissions (X5) | 10⁴ tons | Indicates pollutant load intensity in the water environment | Negative | |
| Fertilizer application per unit sown area (X6) | t/ha | Reveals potential risks of agricultural non-point source pollution | Negative | ||
| Daily urban sewage treatment capacity (X7) | 10⁴ m³ | Reflects construction level of urban sewage treatment facilities | Positive | ||
| Industrial pollution control investment (X8) | 10⁴ CNY | Indicates efforts in industrial pollution prevention and control | Positive | ||
| Water ecosystem health | Built-up area green coverage rate (X9) | % | Measures the quality of urban ecological space construction | Positive | |
| Forest coverage rate (X10) | % | Represents functional level of regional ecological barriers | Positive | ||
| Total ecological water allocation (X11) | 10⁸ m³ | Reflects the guarantee level of basic ecosystem water demand | Negative | ||
| Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions (X12) | 10⁴ tons | Indicates compound impacts of air pollution on aquatic ecosystems | Negative | ||
| Economic benefit management | Water consumption per 10⁴ CNY GDP (X13) | m³ | Reflects economic efficiency of water resource utilization | Negative | |
| Per capita water consumption (X14) | m³/person | Indicates water-saving intensity in residential water use | Negative | ||
| The proportion of tertiary industry added value (X15) | % | Demonstrates industrial structure’s regulatory effect on water resource pressure | Positive | ||
| The irrigated area as a percentage of the sown area (X16) | % | Reflects agricultural water efficiency and application of water-saving technologies | Negative |