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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30838. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15200-8

Table 4.

Decomposition of cognitive load mediation effects (Bootstrap method, 5,000 samples).

Effect Type Estimate 95% CI p-value Proportion (%)
​Total Effect 0.63 [0.51, 0.75] 0.001 100.0
​Direct Effect 0.33 [0.18, 0.48] 0.006 52.4
​Mediation Effect 0.30 [0.22, 0.38] 0.009 47.6

Standardized effects estimates; total effects model R² = 0.76; mediator share = indirect effects/total effects × 100%; Bootstrap confidence intervals are bias-corrected; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.