Table 6.
The proposed antenna in contrast with the antennas in earlier research.
| References | Size (mm2) | Frequency (GHz) | Material | Bandwidth (%) | Gain (dBi) | SAR (W/kg) | Efficiency (%) | ML prediction/validation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 47 | 80 × 60 | 0.87/0.9 | Rogers | NA | 2.06/2.12 | 1.43/1.34 | 96/99 | Yes/Yes |
| 74 | 66.5 × 55 | 2.45 | Rogers | NA | 5.61 | 0.249/0.137 | NA | No/No |
| 16 | 50 × 50 | 0.915/0.923 | Rogers | NA | 1.9/2 | 0.94/0.85 | 98/96 | Yes/Yes |
| 83 | 120 × 60 | 3.0–4.2 | Rogers | 34.3 | 4 | NA | 95 | Yes/No |
| 81 | 50 × 50 | 3.5 | Rogers | 0.62 | 6.27 | 0.263/0.076 | NA | No/No |
| 46 | 42 × 40 | 0.87/0.9 | FR-4 | NA | 1.9/2 | NA | NA | Yes/Yes |
| 84 | 22 × 33 | 2.4/3.5 | Rogers | NA | 0.9/4.7 | NA | NA | Yes/No |
| 45 | 75 × 100 | 2.4 | FR-4 | 14.8 | 6.7 | NA | 89.9 | Yes/No |
| 82 | 66 × 55 | 2.185 | Rogers | NA | 5.57 | 0.096/0.076 | NA | No/No |
| 85 | 40 × 28 | 2.4/5.8 | Felt | 29/18 | 2/4.96 | 1.37/1.12 | NA | Yes/No |
| This work | 40 × 41 | 2.4/5.8 | Rogers | 4.5/2.95 | 3.8/6.0 | 0.533/0.872 | 92/91.7 | Yes/Yes |
NA, not available.