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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30916. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12650-y

Table 6.

Comparison of complications between groups.

Complications EN1
(n=25)
EN2
(n=25)
EN3
(n=25)
EN4
(n=25)
χ2 P
Diarrhoea 16(0.64) 5 (0.20) ab 6 (0.24) ab 16 (0.64) 18.074 0.000
Constipation 9 (0.36) 2 (0.08) 3 (0.12) 7 (0.28) 7.895 0.048
Gastric retention 11 (0.44) 6 (0.24) 4 (0.16) 5 (0.20) 6.029 0.110
Gastric mucosal bleeding 12 (0.48) 3 (0.12) a 2 (0.08) ab 11 (0.44) 16.270 0.001

aP < 0.00833 compared to EN1; bP < 0.00833 compared to EN4.