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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30874. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16513-4

Table 3.

Wilcoxon rank sum test results (F1 to F13, D = 30).

Function vs. HGS vs. CDO vs. SCSO vs. AOA vs. AGWO vs. WOA vs. GWO vs. PSO
F1 3.34E-01 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12
F2 1.37E-03 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 NaN 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12
F3 2.79E-03 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12
F4 2.21E-06 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12
F5 2.96E-05 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11
F6 1.53E-05 1.21E-12 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11
F7 4.04E-01 2.32E-06 8.66E-05 1.01E-08 2.81E-02 3.83E-05 4.12E-06 3.02E-11
F8 7.60E-07 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11
F9 NaN 1.93E-10 NaN NaN 3.34E-01 NaN 1.38E-04 1.21E-12
F10 NaN 1.69E-14 NaN NaN 1.55E-13 1.17E-11 3.17E-13 1.21E-12
F11 NaN 1.37E-03 NaN 1.21E-12 NaN NaN 1.10E-02 1.21E-12
F12 1.69E-09 2.91E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11
F13 6.55E-04 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11
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