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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30874. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16513-4

Table 6.

Wilcoxon rank sum test results (F13 to F22, fixed dimensions).

Function vs. HGS vs. CDO vs. SCSO vs. AOA vs. AGWO vs. WOA vs. GWO vs. PSO
F13 6.58E-04 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12
F14 1.11E-06 3.02E-11 5.01E-02 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 3.02E-11 1.06E-03 3.02E-11
F15 NaN 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12
F16 NaN 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12
F17 6.88E-01 2.05E-11 2.05E-11 2.05E-11 2.05E-11 2.05E-11 2.05E-11 2.05E-11
F18 NaN 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12
F19 1.28E-04 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12 1.21E-12
F20 3.15E-02 1.46E-11 1.46E-11 1.46E-11 1.46E-11 1.46E-11 1.46E-11 1.46E-11
F21 1.42E-02 7.57E-12 7.57E-12 7.57E-12 7.57E-12 7.57E-12 7.57E-12 7.57E-12
F22 1.20E-02 7.57E-12 7.57E-12 7.57E-12 7.57E-12 7.57E-12 7.57E-12 7.57E-12
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