Skip to main content
. 2025 Aug 22;15:30914. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-14763-w

Table 10.

Results of deep learning classifiers using hybrid features.

MFCC
Model Class Precision Recall F1 Score Model Class Precision Recall F1 Score
LSTM 0 0.33 1.00 0.50 CNN 0 0.96 0.86 0.81
1 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 94.0 1.00 97.0
2 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 0.89 0.92 0.91
Micro avg. 0.11 0.33 0.17 Micro avg. 0.93 0.93 0.93
Weighted avg. 0.11 0.33 0.16 Weighted avg. 0.93 0.93 0.93
Accuracy 0.33 Accuracy 0.93
RNN 0 0.57 0.78 0.66 GRU 0 0.82 0.90 0.86
1 0.96 1.00 0.98 1 0.96 1.00 0.98
2 0.69 0.42 0.52 2 0.89 0.77 0.83
Micro avg. 0.74 0.73 0.72 Micro avg. 0.89 0.89 0.89
Weighted avg. 0.73 0.72 0.71 Weighted avg. 0.89 0.89 0.89
Accuracy 0.72 Accuracy 0.89
CQT
Model Class Precision Recall F1 Score Model Class Precision Recall F1 Score
LSTM 0 0.36 1.00 0.53 CNN 0 0.90 0.83 0.86
1 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 94.0 1.00 97.0
2 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 0.84 0.87 0.86
Micro avg. 0.12 0.33 0.18 Micro avg. 0.89 0.90 0.90
Weighted avg. 0.16 0.36 0.19 Weighted avg. 0.89 0.89 0.89
Accuracy 0.36 Accuracy 0.89
RNN 0 0.53 0.46 0.49 GRU 0 0.83 0.88 0.85
1 0.87 0.91 0.89 1 0.98 1.00 0.99
2 0.51 0.57 0.54 2 0.86 0.79 0.82
Micro avg. 0.64 0.64 0.64 Micro avg. 0.89 0.89 0.89
Weighted avg. 0.62 0.63 0.63 Weighted avg. 0.88 0.88 0.88
Accuracy 0.63 Accuracy 0.88