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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30914. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-14763-w

Table 4.

Results of machine learning classifiers using MFCC features.

Model Class Precision Recall F1 Score Model Class Precision Recall F1 Score
DT 0 0.96 0.92 0.94 LR 0 1.0 0.92 0.96
1 1.00 1.00 1.00 1 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 0.92 0.96 0.94 2 0.92 1.0 0.96
Micro avg. 0.96 0.96 0.96 Micro avg. 0.97 0.97 0.97
Weighted avg. 0.96 0.96 0.96 Weighted avg. 0.97 0.97 0.97
Accuracy 0.96 Accuracy 0.97
SVC 0 0.98 0.98 0.98 NB 0 0.63 0.81 0.71
1 1.00 1.00 1.00 1 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 0.98 0.98 0.98 2 0.74 0.53 0.62
Micro avg. 0.99 0.99 0.99 Micro avg. 0.79 0.78 0.78
Weighted avg. 0.99 0.99 0.99 Weighted avg. 0.79 0.78 0.77
Accuracy 0.99 Accuracy 0.78
KNN 0 0.78 0.79 0.78 RF 0 0.96 0.94 0.95
1 1.00 1.00 1.00 1 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 0.79 0.78 0.78 2 0.94 0.96 0.95
Micro avg. 0.86 0.86 0.86 Micro avg. 0.97 0.97 0.97
Weighted avg. 0.85 0.85 0.85 Weighted avg. 0.97 0.97 0.97
Accuracy 0.85 Accuracy 0.97
HardVoting 0 0.98 0.96 0.97 Soft Voting 0 0.98 0.96 0.97
1 1.00 1.00 1.00 1 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 0.96 0.98 0.97 2 0.96 0.98 0.97
Micro avg. 0.98 0.98 0.98 Micro avg. 0.98 0.98 0.98
Weighted avg. 0.98 0.98 0.98 Weighted avg. 0.98 0.98 0.98
Accuracy 0.98 Accuracy 0.98