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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30968. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15381-2

Table 2.

Input parameters of metaheuristic algorithms in this study.

GA PSO

Cross-over probability = 0.95

Mutation probability = 0.025

Population size = 50

Selection = Tournament

Crossover = Uniform

Mutation = Swap

Local coefficient (C1) = 2.05

Global coefficient (C2) = 2.05

Weight min of bird (W) = 0.4

Population size = 50