Table 2.
Primary and secondary outcome analysis for Dexmedetomidine use on mortality and ICU outcomes.
| Method | In-Hospital Mortality | ICU Mortality | Vasopressor-Free in 28 Days | Ventilation-Free in 28 Days | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | MD (95% CI) | P | MD (95% CI) | P | |
| Unadjusted (Crude) | 0.55 (0.47 ~ 0.65) | < 0.001 | 0.42 (0.35 ~ 0.51) | < 0.001 |
−0.63 (−1.34 ~ 0.07) |
0.08 |
−1.74 (−2.44~−1.03) |
< 0.001 |
| Multivariable Adjusted | 0.41 (0.35 ~ 0.48) | < 0.001 | 0.34 (0.28 ~ 0.41) | < 0.001 | 2.67 (2.02 ~ 3.33) | < 0.001 | 2.24 (1.6 ~ 2.88) | < 0.001 |
| PSA | 0.4 (0.34 ~ 0.48) | < 0.001 | 0.33 (0.27 ~ 0.4) | < 0.001 | 2.39 (1.63 ~ 3.15) | < 0.001 | 1.95 (1.2 ~ 2.69) | < 0.001 |
| PSM | 0.37 (0.31 ~ 0.45) | < 0.001 | 0.3 (0.25 ~ 0.38) | < 0.001 | 3.18 (2.19 ~ 4.17) | < 0.001 | 2.79 (1.83 ~ 3.75) | < 0.001 |
| IPTW | 0.49 (0.41 ~ 0.58) | < 0.001 | 0.36 (0.29 ~ 0.44) | < 0.001 |
0.75 (−0.02 ~ 1.52) |
0.056 |
0.3 (−0.46 ~ 1.07) |
0.442 |
| SMRW |
0.34 (0.3 ~ 0.4) |
< 0.001 | 0.28 (0.23 ~ 0.33) | < 0.001 | 4.03 (3.2 ~ 4.86) | < 0.001 | 3.6 (2.8 ~ 4.41) | < 0.001 |
| PA | 0.38 (0.31 ~ 0.46) | < 0.001 | 0.29 (0.23 ~ 0.36) | < 0.001 | 3.05 (2.51 ~ 3.6) | < 0.001 | 2.7 (2.18 ~ 3.23) | < 0.001 |
| OW | 0.39 (0.31 ~ 0.49) | < 0.001 | 0.3 (0.23 ~ 0.39) | < 0.001 | 2.61 (2.07 ~ 3.14) | < 0.001 | 2.21 (1.69 ~ 2.74) | < 0.001 |
| Doubly Robust | 0.41 (0.35 ~ 0.48) | < 0.001 | 0.34 (0.28 ~ 0.41) | < 0.001 | 2.64 (1.98 ~ 3.3) | < 0.001 | 2.23 (1.59 ~ 2.86) | < 0.001 |
Analyses evaluated the association between dexmedetomidine use during ICU stay and primary outcomes (in-hospital and ICU mortality, reported as HR) and secondary outcomes (28-day vasopressor- and ventilation-free days, reported as MD). Methods included crude analysis, multivariable adjustment, propensity score–based approaches (adjustment, matching, and weighting: IPTW, SMRW, PA, OW), and doubly robust estimation. HR, hazard ratio; MD, mean difference; IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting; SMRW, standardized mortality ratio weighting; PA, pairwise algorithmic; OW, overlap weighting.