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. 2025 Aug 23;15:30989. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16365-y

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of participants.

Characteristic Total population (N = 170) (%) Population with HLA testing p-value
HLA-A assessment
(N = 91) (%)
Interested HLA-A subtypes
(N = 35) (%)
Uninterested HLA-A subtypes
(N = 51) (%)
Age
< 60 56 (32.9) 34 (37.4) 12 (34.2) 21 (40.4) 0.648
≥ 60 114 (67.1) 57 (62.6) 23 (65.8) 30 (59.6)
Sex
Male 55 (32.4) 26 (28.6) 11 (31.4) 14 (26.9) 0.804
Female 115 (67.6) 65 (71.4) 24 (68.3) 37 (73.1)
Smoking status
Never smoker 138 (81.2) 80 (87.9) 31 (88.5) 46 (88.5) 1.000
Former/Current smoker 32 (18.8) 11 (12.1) 4 (11.5) 6 (11.5)
Histology
Adenocarcinoma 142 (83.5) 81 (89.0) 31 (88.5) 46 (88.5) 1.000
Non-adenocarcinoma 28 (16.5) 10 (11.0) 4 (11.5) 6 (11.5)
EGFR mutation
Exon 19del 100 (58.8) 56 (61.5) 28 (80.0) 28 (54.9) 0.056
L858R 59 (34.7) 30 (32.9) 7 (20.0) 23 (45.1)
Uncommon 11 (6.5) 5 (5.6)
EGFR TKI
Gefitinib/Erlotinib 133 (78.2) 72 (79.1) 25 (71.4) 43 (84.3) 0.207
Afatinib/Dacomitinib 9 (5.3) 4 (4.4) 2 (5.7) 1 (1.9)
Osimertinib 28 (16.5) 15 (16.5) 8 (22.9) 7 (13.8)
Liver metastasis
Presence 31 (18.2) 14 (15.4) 6 (17.2) 8 (15.7) 0.688
Absence 139 (81.8) 77 (84.6) 29 (82.8) 43 (84.3)
Intra-tumoral CD8+ (n = 86)
CD8 + < 10% 82 (48.2) 48 (52.7) 20 (90.9) 25 (96.1) 1.000
CD8 + ≥ 10% 4 (2.4) 4 (4.4) 2 (9.1) 1 (3.9)
Inadequate tissue 84 (49.4) 39 (42.9) 13 (-) 25 (-)
Stromal CD8+ (n = 83)
CD8 + < 10% 66 (38.8) 38 (41.8) 14 (66.7) 21 (84.0) 0.281
CD8 + ≥ 10% 17 (10.0) 12 (13.2) 7 (33.3) 4 (16.0)
Inadequate tissue 87 (51.2) 41 (45.1) 14 (-) 26 (-)
PD-L1 TPS 22C3 (n = 93)
PD-L1 < 15 82 (48.2) 51 (56.0) 20 (83.3) 27 (93.1) 0.214
PD-L1 ≥ 15 11 (6.5) 7 (7.7) 4 (16.7) 2 (6.9)
Inadequate tissue 77 (42.3) 33 (36.3) 11 (-) 22 (-)
Tumor microenvironment
Inflammatory TIME 14 (8.2) 10 (11.0) 5 (22.8) 3 (11.2) 0.429
Non-inflammatory TIME 74 (43.5) 43 (47.3) 17 (77.2) 24 (88.8)
Inadequate specimen 82 (48.2) 38 (41.7) 13 (-) 24 (-)