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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30837. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05599-5

Table 3.

Set of nsSNPs indicated by structure-based methods to be detrimental.

SNP IDs Mutation I-Mutant CUPSAT
(Thermal)
CUPSAT
(Denature)
MUpro (Increase ↑ or Decrease ↓) Align-GVGD
A B A B A B SVM NN SV0M NN
rs5743316 N284I ↓stability ↓stability Stabilizing Stabilizing Destabilizing Destabilizing Most likely
rs752889035 C37R ↓stability ↓stability Destabilizing Destabilizing Stabilizing Stabilizing Most likely
rs760275329 Q538P ↓stability ↓stability Stabilizing Destabilizing Destabilizing Destabilizing Most likely
rs768091235 L360P ↓stability ↓stability Destabilizing Destabilizing Stabilizing Stabilizing Most likely

*Note: I-Mutant: Free energy change value (DDG) classified into largely unstable if less than − 0.5 kcal/mol, largely stable if more than 0.5 kcal/mol, and neutral if the value lies in between.

Align-GVGD: combines evolutionary conservation and biophysical properties to classify missense mutations from C0 to C65, where C65 indicates the highest likelihood of functional disruption.

MUpro: A score less than 0 means the mutation decreases the protein stability. The smaller the score, the more confident the prediction is. Conversely, a score more than 0 means the mutation increases the protein stability. The bigger the score, the more confident the prediction is.