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. 2025 Aug 22;12:1465. doi: 10.1038/s41597-025-05154-x

Table 3.

Description of questionnaires.

Name of instrument Description Primary source
Online Behavioral Surveys
a) Demographics survey Demographics Internal Survey
b) Jessor Demographics Demographics Internal Survey
c) Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA-32) Interoception Mehling et al.57
d) PROMIS-57 Profile v2.1 Physical function, anxiety, depression, and pain Cella et al.58
e) Canlab Pain Survey (Pain Symptoms) Pain disorders or sensitivities Internal Survey
f) Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R) Trait levels of optimism and pessimism Scheier et al.59
g) Positive and Negative Affect Scale Trait levels of positive and negative affect Watson et al.60
h) Fear of Pain (FOP) Fear and anxiety associated with pain McNeil & Rainwater61
i) Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation (BIS/BAS) Trait levels of approach and avoidance behavior Carver & White62
j) The “Big 5” Brief Inventory Brief Version Various personality traits Rammstedt & John63
k) Ego-Resiliency Scale (ER89) Ability to respond adaptively and resourcefully to new situations Block & Kremen64
l) Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Questionnaire Childhood trauma (if any) Felitti et al.65
m) Marlow-Crowne Social Desirability Scale 13-Item Short Form Social desirability Crowne & Marlowe66
n) Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) Thoughts and feelings in a variety of situations Davis67
o) PhenX Alcohol Lifetime Use Degree of lifetime alcohol use PhenX Toolkit68
p) PhenX Alcohol Age of First Use Age of first alcohol use
q) PhenX Alcohol 30Day Quantity and Frequency Quantity and frequency of alcohol use
r) PhenX Substances Lifetime Use Degree of lifetime substance use
s) PhenX Substances Age of First Use Age of first substance use
t) PhenX Substance 30 Day Frequency Frequency of substance use
u) PhenX Cigarette Smoking Status Adult Status of cigarette smoking
v) PhenX Tobacco Age of Initiation of Use Adolescent Age of tobacco initiation
w) PhenX Tobacco 30 Day Frequency Frequency of tobacco use
x) Self-Report Psychopathy Scale Identification of psychopathic behaviors Williams et al.69
y) Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short-Form (BIDR) Tendency to self report with positive bias and impression management Hart et al.70
z) 20-Item Prosopagnosia Index Face recognition ability Shah et al.71
aa) Tendency to Conform Social conformity Goldsmith et al.72
bb) Therapeutic Reactance Psychological reactance Dowd et al.73
cc) Revised Self-Monitoring Sensitivity to expressive behavior and ability to monitor self-representation Lennox & Wolfe74
dd) Concern for Appropriateness Tendency to conform Lennox & Wolfe74
In-person Surveys (prior to fMRI scan)
Pain Medication Questionnaire Pain medication administration within the last 12 hrs prior to participation Internal Survey
Menstruation Questionnaire Menstrual cycle phase at the time of the participation and details about participants cycle Internal Survey

Participants completed at-home surveys prior to initial neuroimaging sessions. Name of instrument column indicates the short hand title of each questionnaire. Description indicates a short summary of the aim of each questionnaire and Primary source indicates the reference for each questionnaire.