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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30891. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16396-5

Table 3.

Risk factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Risk factors Depressive Anxiety
Model 1 Model 2 Model 1 Model 2
OR 95%CI P OR 95%CI P OR 95%CI P OR 95%CI P
Age 1.16 1.11–1.21 < 0.001 0.99 0.92–1.06 0.80 1.14 1.07–1.21 < 0.001 1.02 0.92–1.14 0.68
Junior high school and above 3.86 2.73–5.47 < 0.001 3.05 1.89–4.91 < 0.001 2.82 1.75–4.52 < 0.001 2.11 1.07–4.15 0.03
Nighttime sleep duration 2.94 2.30–3.75 < 0.001 1.46 1.08–1.97 0.01 2.37 1.65–3.40 < 0.001 0.98 0.63–1.54 0.93
No regular physical activity 2.26 1.66–3.07 < 0.001 1.34 0.97–2.69 0.06 2.35 1.48–3.75 < 0.001 1.29 0.78–2.13 0.32
Smoking 4.02 1.92–8.43 < 0.001 1.37 0.55–3.38 0.50 4.80 1.86–12.39 0.001 1.52 0.47–4.95 0.49
Alcohol consumption 4.19 2.77–6.33 < 0.001 1.61 0.97–2.69 0.07 5.05 2.94–8.65 < 0.001 1.76 0.89–3.47 0.10
Suffering from physical/mental violence 6.16 4.50–8.44 < 0.001 2.93 2.02–4.24 < 0.001 8.38 5.57–12.61 < 0.001 3.48 2.17–5.57 < 0.001
Having academic pressure 3.59 2.81–4.60 < 0.001 1.85 1.37–2.51 < 0.001 4.78 3.32–6.87 < 0.001 2.46 1.60–3.78 < 0.001
Having poor interpersonal relationship problems 5.83 4.54–7.49 < 0.001 2.82 2.08–3.81 < 0.001 6.47 4.49–9.32 < 0.001 2.48 1.61–3.82 < 0.001