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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30902. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15614-4

Table 5.

Concentrations (mean value of 3 measurements) and standard deviation (SD) of pharmaceuticals in surface water and wastewater samples (Kraków, September 2024).

Location Compounds [ng/L]
River Coordinates Caffeine (CAF) Ibuprofen (IBU) Carbamazepine (CBM)
Mean (n = 3) Mean (n = 3) Mean (n = 3)
River
Rudawa 50.057010;19.906710 136.31 ± 2.15 7.35 ± 3.30 46.06 ± 5.54
Drwina Długa 50.028816;20.088059 122.02 ± 3.41 43.11 ± 8.33 294.42 ± 2.33
Serafa 50.027884;20.088023 154.45 ± 4.04 18.04 ± 3.11 14.34 ± 9.23
Dłubnia 50.056667;20.071621 74.34 ± 5.23 19.23 ± 9.24 150.22 ± 5.40
Prądnik 50.067786;19.973149 122.01 ± 4.45 5.84 ± 3.12 48.16 ± 3.44
Wilga 50.040213;19.935377 80.55 ± 2.11 8.42 ± 2.53 39.73 ± 5.05
Wisła 1 50.053293;19.931573 75.42 ± 1.98 19.06 ± 0.59 47.21 ± 1.34
Wisła 2 50.051415;20.072559 119.34 ± 7.05 16.33 ± 8.23 53.81 ± 4.44
WWTP
WWTP influent 28,680.51 ± 3.43 7967.71 ± 7.07 526.45 ± 1.13
WWTP effluent 65.02 ± 3.21 15.65 ± 2.33 330.13 ± 2.15