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. 2025 Jun 25;12(9):uhaf168. doi: 10.1093/hr/uhaf168

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© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nanjing Agricultural University.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Analysis of metabolomics data in heterografts and homografts combination. (A) Categorical analysis of total metabolites. (B) Bar chart of the percentage of period-specific differential metabolites (DEMs) in heterografts and homografts. (C) Venn diagram showing the number of DAMs identified in the comparison of Z9 vs Z1, Y9 vs Y1, Y9 vs Z9, and Y1 vs Z1, (D) KEGG enrichment analysis of the differences in the Y1 vs Z1 and Y9 vs Z9 metabolic pathways, (E) Glycan metabolite PCA loading diagram. ‘Count’ refers to the number of DEMs annotated to the KEGG pathway, and ‘Gene Ratio’ refers to the ratio of the number of DEGs annotated to a KEGG pathway to the total number of DEGs annotated to all KEGG pathways. Z1: Day 1 after homografting, Z9: Day 9 after homografting, Y1: Day 1 after heterografting, and Y9: Day 9 after heterografting.