Table 1.
Mean pupillary size of the control, 1.0 mg/ml, 1.5 mg/ml, and 2.5 mg/ml neostigmine groups at each time point after instillation on the first day.
| Time | Dose | Mean ± SD (mm) | TNOS vs. NSS | 1.5 mg/mL vs. 2.5 mg/mL | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MD (95% CI) (mm) | Adjusted p-value |
MD (95% CI) (mm) | Adjusted p-value |
|||
| 0 min | NSS (n = 6) |
6.68 ± 0.47 6.72 ± 0.54 6.50 ± 0.24 6.62 ± 0.71 |
||||
| 1.0 mg/mL (n = 6) | 0.04 (−0.85 to 0.95) | 0.999 | ||||
| 1.5 mg/mL (n = 6) | −0.18 (−0.87 to 0.53) | 0.851 | −0.12 (−1.16 to 0.93) | 0.982 | ||
| 2.5 mg/mL (n = 6) | −0.06 (−1.15 to 1.03) | 0.998 | ||||
| 15 min | NSS (n = 6) |
6.75 ± 0.14 5.89 ± 1.21 5.76 ± 0.84 5.49 ± 1.67 |
||||
| 1.0 mg/mL (n = 6) | −0.86 (−2.69 to 0.96) | 0.397 | ||||
| 1.5 mg/mL (n = 6) | −0.99 (−2.25 to 0.27) | 0.116 | 0.27 (−2.23 to 2.77) | 0.983 | ||
| 2.5 mg/mL (n = 6) | −1.26 (−3.78 to 1.26) | 0.356 | ||||
| 30 min | NSS (n = 6) |
6.56 ± 0.23 5.23 ± 1.17 4.46 ± 1.34 4.26 ± 1.61 |
||||
| 1.0 mg/mL (n = 6) | −1.33 (−3.09 to 0.42) | 0.128 | ||||
| 1.5 mg/mL (n = 6) | −2.10 (−4.11 to −0.09) | 0.042* | 0.20 (−2.43 to 2.83) | 0.995 | ||
| 2.5 mg/mL (n = 6) | −2.30 (−4.71 to 0.10) | 0.059 | ||||
| 60 min | NSS (n = 6) |
6.34 ± 0.48 4.84 ± 1.24 3.81 ± 1.09 3.21 ± 1.31 |
||||
| 1.5 mg/mL (n = 6) | ||||||
| −1.50 (−3.34 to 0.35) | 0.110 | |||||
| 1.5 mg/mL (n = 6) | −2.53 (−4.15 to −0.91) | 0.006* | 0.60 (−1.55 to 2.74) | 0.828 | ||
| 2.5 mg/mL (n = 6) | −3.13 (−5.07 to −1.18) | 0.005* | ||||
| 90 min | NSS (n = 6) |
6.52 ± 0.47 5.07 ± 1.29 3.94 ± 1.12 4.22 ± 1.20 |
||||
| 1.0 mg/mL (n = 6) | −1.45 (−3.35 to 0.46) | 0.137 | ||||
| 1.5 mg/mL (n = 6) | −2.58 (−4.24 to −0.93) | 0.006* | −0.28 (−2.33 to 1.77) | 0.974 | ||
| 2.5 mg/mL (n = 6) | −2.30 (−4.08 to −0.53) | 0.015* | ||||
| 120 min | NSS (n = 6) |
6.28 ± 0.30 5.44 ± 0.94 4.68 ± 0.68 4.99 ± 0.89 |
||||
| 1.0 mg/mL (n = 6) | −0.84 (−2.22 to 0.56) | 0.261 | ||||
| 1.5 mg/mL (n = 6) | −1.60 (−2.60 to −0.58) | 0.005* | −0.31 (−1.72 to 1.12) | 0.909 | ||
| 2.5 mg/mL (n = 6) | −1.29 (−2.61 to 0.03) | 0.055 | ||||
| 180 min | NSS (n = 6) |
6.39 ± 0.40 5.61 ± 0.89 5.18 ± 0.70 5.46 ± 0.69 |
||||
| 1.0 mg/mL (n = 6) | −0.78 (−2.11 to 0.54) | 0.287 | ||||
| 1.5 mg/mL (n = 6) | −1.21 (−2.27 to −0.16) | 0.026* | −0.28 (−1.51 to 0.94) | 0.892 | ||
| 2.5 mg/mL (n = 6) | −0.93 (−1.97 to 0.11) | 0.081 | ||||
| 24 h | NSS (n = 6) |
6.59 ± 0.17 6.65 ± 0.52 6.57 ± 0.34 6.80 ± 0.49 |
||||
| 1.0 mg/mL (n = 6) | 0.06 (−0.71 to 0.82) | 0.994 | ||||
| 1.5 mg/mL (n = 6) | −0.02 (−0.53 to 0.48) | 0.998 | −0.23 (−0.99 to 0.53) | 0.780 | ||
| 2.5 mg/mL (n = 6) | 0.21 (−0.52 to 0.93) | 0.767 | ||||
SD = standard deviation; TNOS = topical neostigmine ophthalmic solution; NSS = normal saline solution; MD = mean difference; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval. *Adjusted p-value < 0.05 (Tukey’s method for multiple comparisons).