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. 2025 Aug 22;15:30915. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16604-2

Table 2.

Summary of Projection Operators, Latent Variables, and Functionals in the Proposed Compression Model.

Symbol Description Dimensions Role
Inline graphic Input feature matrix Inline graphic Raw sensor input
Inline graphic Feature compression matrix Inline graphic Projects input into latent space
Inline graphic Instance selection matrix Inline graphic τ-dependent sampling
Inline graphic Compressed representation Inline graphic Encoded output
Inline graphic Latent decoding matrix Inline graphic Decodes latent features
Inline graphic Spatial reconstruction matrix Inline graphic Restores instance structure
Inline graphic Reconstructed matrix Inline graphic Final approximation of input
Inline graphic, Inline graphic Vectorised parameters Inline graphic Used in gradient optimisation
Inline graphic Entropy deviation functional scalar Penalises encoding complexity
Inline graphic Directed divergence scalar Measures reconstruction loss
Inline graphic Total loss functional scalar Objective to be minimised