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. 2025 Aug 1;50(8):500–529. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2024.102363.3525

Table 2.

The quality assessment of the studies

Authors, Year of publication Randomization present Appropriate randomization utilized Blinding present Appropriate blinding method utilized Appropriate long-term follow-up on all patients Quality score Degree of Trial
Bloomer et al., (2020) 44 1 0 1 0 1 3 High
Ranaivo et al., (2022) 45 1 1 1 0 1 4 High
Ramos et al., (2018) 46 1 1 1 1 1 5 High
Vaghef-Mehrabani et al., (2022) 47 1 1 1 1 1 5 High
Krawczyk et al., (2018) 48 1 1 1 0 0 3 High
Drabińska et al., (2020) 49 1 0 1 0 1 3 High
Russo et al., (2012) 50 1 0 1 0 0 2 Low
Czerwi´nska-Rogowska et al., (2022) 51 1 0 0 0 0 1 Low
Riviere et al., (2022) 38 1 1 0 0 1 3 High
Neyrinck et al., (2021) 52 1 1 0 0 0 2 Low
Lee et al., (2023) 53 1 1 1 0 1 4 High
Hiel et al., (2020) 43 1 1 1 0 1 4 High
Vuholm et al., (2017) 39 1 1 0 0 1 3 High
Kantah et al., (2017) 40 1 1 0 0 0 2 Low
Townsend et al., (2018) 41 1 1 1 1 1 5 High
Lamprecht et al., (2012) 22 1 1 1 1 1 5 High
Liu et al., (2015) 54 1 1 1 1 1 5 High
Stenman et al., (2016) 55 1 1 1 1 1 5 High
de Roos et al., (2017) 56 1 1 1 0 1 4 High
Liu et al., (2013) 57 1 1 1 1 1 5 High
Mokkal et al., (2017) 58 1 1 1 0 1 4 High
Horvath et al., (2016) 21 1 1 1 1 1 5 High
Horvath et al., (2020) 59 1 1 1 1 1 5 High
Ghavami et al., (2021) 60 1 1 1 1 1 5 High
Çakir et al., (2017) 42 0 0 0 0 1 1 Low
Wilms E. et al., (2016) 61 1 1 1 1 1 5 High
Petelin et al., (2022) 62 1 0 1 1 1 4 High
Stadlbauer et al., (2015) 63 1 1 0 0 1 3 High
Roman et al., (2019) 64 1 1 1 1 1 5 High
Axelrod et al., (2019) 65 1 0 1 0 1 3 High
Horvath et al., (2020) 66 1 0 1 0 1 3 High
Karim et al., (2022) 67 1 1 1 1 1 5 High
Karim et al., (2022) 68 1 1 1 1 1 5 High
Ayob et al., (2023) 69 1 0 1 0 1 3 High
Qaisar et al., (2024) 70 1 0 1 1 1 4 High
Lennon et al., (2024) 71 1 1 1 0 0 3 High