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. 2025 Aug 23;13:958. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-03327-2

Table 2.

Correlations between variables

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 1
2 ,930** 1
3 ,846** ,639** 1
4 ,545** ,292** ,487** 1
5 -,355** -,324** -,295** -,223** 1
6 -,353** -,313** -,308** -,231** ,825** 1
7 -,279** -,261** -,203** -,206** ,825** ,570** 1
8 -,327** -,286** -,285** -,224** ,937** ,746** ,714** 1
9 -,163** -,148** -,156** -,070 ,672** ,392** ,426** ,554** 1
10 -,323** -,326** -,250** -,130** ,758** ,675** ,473** ,670** ,424** 1
11 -,307** -,300** -,233** -,165** ,608** ,499** ,510** ,587** ,351** ,485** 1
12 -,157** -,117* -,168** -,126* ,457** ,298** ,445** ,463** ,286** ,271** ,756** 1
13 -,324** -,342** -,208** -,150** ,489** ,431** ,365** ,442** ,327** ,444** ,804** ,429** 1
14 -,258** -,272** -,169** -,114* ,387** ,367** ,317** ,366** ,178** ,335** ,746** ,295** ,569** 1
15 -,228** -,224** -,173** -,116* ,551** ,476** ,431** ,542** ,286** ,484** ,778** ,461** ,513** ,511** 1

Note: Pearson’s r correlation coefficients are presented. (1) Self-Efficacy; (2) Initiative; (3) Effort; (4) Persistence; (5) PIU; (6) Lack of Control; (7) Escapism; (8) Disengagement; (9) Obsession; (10) Health and Interpersonal Trouble; 11. General Phubbing; 12. Nomophobia; 13. Interpersonal Conflict; 14. Self-Isolation; 15. Problem Acknowledgment

*p < .01; p < .05